ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate have been identified as contributing to the development of multiple sclerosis? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Genetics, environmental factors, and autoimmune factors contribute to multiple sclerosis development. Genetic variations increase risk, environmental factors like vitamin D deficiency or infections trigger it, and autoimmune processes attack myelin. Upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections do not directly contribute to MS development.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge information to a client who has Parkinson's disease and their family members. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge information?(Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Encouraging regular walking improves mobility and balance, fresh fruits and vegetables support overall health, and teaching walker use enhances safety and independence. Fluid restriction and minimizing outside activities are inappropriate as they may cause dehydration and reduce quality of life.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has headaches. In determining a diagnosis, which of the following precipitating factors is common in both tension-type headaches and cluster headaches?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stress is a common precipitating factor for both tension-type headaches, through muscle tension, and cluster headaches, though the exact mechanism is less clear.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a complete spinal cord injury about bowel and bladder management. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Stool softeners prevent constipation, suprapubic or self-intermittent catheterization manages bladder function, and digital stimulation aids bowel movements. Excessive fluid restriction is inappropriate as hydration prevents complications like urinary tract infections.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has spinal stenosis about exercise. Which of the following statements by the client indicates they understand the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cycling is a low-impact exercise suitable for spinal stenosis, improving fitness without stressing the spine. Aerobics, jogging, and circuit training may involve high-impact or intense movements that could worsen symptoms.