ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has major burns and is experiencing dehydration. The nurse should anticipate a prescription to infuse which of the following solutions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lactated Ringer's solution. Lactated Ringer's is the best choice for a client with major burns and dehydration as it is an isotonic solution that helps restore fluid balance and electrolytes lost due to burns. It contains sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which are essential for cellular function and can help with rehydration. Dextrose 5% solutions (B and
C) are hypotonic and may worsen the cellular dehydration in this case. 0.45% sodium chloride (
D) is a hypotonic solution and may not provide enough electrolyte replacement for a client with major burns.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has a transdermal fentanyl patch in place. Which of the following findings should the nurse document as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Fentanyl, a potent opioid, can cause hypotension as an adverse effect due to its central nervous system depressant effects, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. Tachycardia (
A) is less common with fentanyl, insomnia (
B) is not a typical side effect, and diarrhea (
D) is also less likely. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor for signs of hypotension when a client is on a fentanyl patch to prevent complications.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for an epinephrine auto-injector. The nurse should instruct the client to take which of the following actions first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Jab the device into the outer thigh. This action is crucial because epinephrine needs to be delivered quickly in case of an allergic reaction. Jabbing the device ensures prompt administration, as opposed to massaging the thigh first (
A), seeking immediate medical attention (
C), or holding the injector in place (
D), which can delay the delivery of epinephrine and worsen the client's condition.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who reports a severe headache. The client's blood pressure is 280/160 mm Hg. The nurse should plan to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nitroprusside. This medication is a potent vasodilator that rapidly lowers blood pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for a client with severe hypertension presenting with a hypertensive emergency. Nitroprusside acts quickly to reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, helping to prevent organ damage.
A: Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for inflammatory conditions, not for immediate blood pressure control.
B: Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that can increase blood pressure, which is contraindicated in this scenario.
C: Dobutamine is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist that increases heart rate and contractility, which can worsen hypertension.
Overall, Nitroprusside is the most appropriate choice due to its rapid and effective blood pressure-lowering properties in a hypertensive emergency.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer propranolol to a client. Which of the following should the nurse assess prior to administering this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Heart rate. Before administering propranolol, a beta-blocker, the nurse should assess the client's heart rate because this medication works by slowing down the heart rate and reducing blood pressure. Monitoring the heart rate helps ensure the medication is given safely and effectively. Assessing pain level (
A) is important but not directly related to propranolol administration. Temperature (
B) is not typically a crucial assessment before giving propranolol. Respiratory rate (
D) is also important but not the priority when administering this medication.