ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is common in end-stage kidney disease and can manifest with symptoms such as shortness of breath, lower extremity edema, crackles in the lungs (due to pulmonary congestion), and elevated blood pressure.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lethargy and altered mental status are common manifestations of respiratory acidosis due to the effects of hypercapnia (elevated PaCO2) on the central nervous system.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to multiple organ damage and increased surgical risks, making it a contraindication for kidney transplant.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a preschooler who has a calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms.