ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shortness of breath, swelling, crackles, and high blood pressure indicate hypervolemia (fluid overload). Hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, and hyponatremia present differently.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 68-kg (150-lb) client who has dehydration. Which of the following manifestations is an indication of effective treatment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal urine specific gravity (1.005–1.030) indicates rehydration. Decreased pulse pressure, lightheadedness, and low urine output suggest ongoing dehydration.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin increases AKI risk with contrast dye, especially in renal impairment. Carvedilol, atorvastatin, and nitroglycerin do not.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis for kidney failure. Which additional condition in the client's medical history puts the client at increased risk for the development of peritonitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes impairs immunity, increasing peritonitis risk in peritoneal dialysis. Obesity, hemochromatosis, and ulcerative colitis are less directly linked.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reports heartburn. The provider prescribes aluminum hydroxide. The client asks, 'Why can't I just take the antacid magaldrate that my husband has at home?' The nurse explains to the client that aluminum hydroxide is the preferred antacid because it lowers which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aluminum hydroxide binds phosphate, lowering serum phosphorus in CKD. It does not primarily affect calcium, potassium, or magnesium.