ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving desmopressin by intermittent IV bolus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of a therapeutic response to the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in urine output. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of vasopressin, a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body. In diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency of vasopressin leading to excessive urination. By giving desmopressin, urine output should decrease as the medication helps the kidneys retain water. This indicates a therapeutic response as the medication is effectively addressing the underlying issue of excessive urine output.
A: Decrease in blood pressure - Desmopressin does not directly affect blood pressure.
B: Increase in serum sodium - Desmopressin should help decrease serum sodium levels by retaining water.
C: Increase in heart rate - Desmopressin should not have a direct impact on heart rate.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for phenelzine. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cheddar cheese. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that interacts with tyramine-rich foods, such as aged cheeses like cheddar. Tyramine can cause dangerously high blood pressure levels when combined with MAOIs. Sweet potatoes, orange juice, and canned tuna do not contain high levels of tyramine and are safe to consume with phenelzine.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer erythromycin 2 g PO daily in equally divided doses every 6 hr. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 500 mg per dose.
To calculate this, first convert 2 g to mg (1 g = 1000 mg, so 2 g = 2000 mg).
Then, since the dose is to be given every 6 hours, divide the total daily dose (2000 mg) by the number of doses per day (4 doses) to get 500 mg per dose.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the correct calculation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: You will have a central line placed to receive TPN. This is because TPN is a hypertonic solution that requires a central line for administration to prevent complications such as phlebitis or thrombosis in peripheral veins.
Choice A is incorrect because blood sugar monitoring frequency may vary based on individual needs.
Choice B is incorrect as weight monitoring is typically done daily, not twice a week, to monitor for fluid balance.
Choice D is incorrect as intake and output should be closely monitored daily for TPN patients due to the risk of electrolyte imbalances.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who received epinephrine. Which of the following findings should the nurse report as an adverse effect of epinephrine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chest pain. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic medication that can cause vasoconstriction leading to increased cardiac workload, potentially resulting in chest pain. Bradycardia (
B) is unlikely as epinephrine typically increases heart rate. Hypoglycemia (
C) is a potential adverse effect but not specific to epinephrine. Respiratory depression (
D) is not a common side effect of epinephrine.