ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving desmopressin by intermittent IV bolus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of a therapeutic response to the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in urine output. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of vasopressin, a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body. In diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency of vasopressin leading to excessive urination. By giving desmopressin, urine output should decrease as the medication helps the kidneys retain water. This indicates a therapeutic response as the medication is effectively addressing the underlying issue of excessive urine output.
A: Decrease in blood pressure - Desmopressin does not directly affect blood pressure.
B: Increase in serum sodium - Desmopressin should help decrease serum sodium levels by retaining water.
C: Increase in heart rate - Desmopressin should not have a direct impact on heart rate.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning to administer medications to a client who weighs 198 lb. The prescription reads, 'filgrastim 5 mcg/kg, subcutaneous, daily.' Available is filgrastim 300 mcg/mL. How many mL should the nurse plan to give with each dose?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dose of filgrastim, we first need to convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms. 198 lb is approximately 89.9 kg.
Then, we multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (5 mcg/kg) to get the total dose required, which is 449.5 mcg. Next, we divide the total dose by the concentration of the available filgrastim (300 mcg/mL) to find the volume needed, which is 1.5 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the calculated dose based on the client's weight and the prescribed dosage of filgrastim.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following routes should the nurse plan to use for administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Subcutaneous. Epoetin alfa is a medication commonly administered subcutaneously to stimulate red blood cell production. Subcutaneous route allows for slow and consistent absorption. Oral administration is not suitable as the medication would be destroyed in the digestive system. Transdermal and intranasal routes are not appropriate for epoetin alfa.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is planning to teach a group of nurses about the uses of mannitol. Which of the following client conditions is an indication for administering this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: a client who has increased intraocular pressure. Mannitol is a osmotic diuretic used to reduce intraocular pressure in conditions like glaucoma. It works by drawing water out of the eye, reducing pressure. The other options are incorrect because: A: deep-vein thrombosis is typically treated with anticoagulants, not mannitol. B: heart failure is treated with medications like diuretics and ACE inhibitors, not mannitol. D: intracranial bleed may require surgical intervention, not mannitol.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has stable angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patches 0.8 mg/hr daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will take the patch off after dinner every night." This statement indicates understanding because nitroglycerin patches are typically worn for 12-14 hours, then removed for a 10-12 hour patch-free period to prevent tolerance. Removing the patch after dinner ensures a suitable time frame for effectiveness without interruption.
Choice B is incorrect because applying a new patch to the same site repeatedly can lead to skin irritation and reduced absorption.
Choice C is incorrect as cutting the patch compromises the controlled release mechanism and can cause an uneven dose.
Choice D is incorrect because applying a second patch without medical advice can lead to overdose and severe hypotension.