ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has degenerative disc disease. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse understand might develop with this condition? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Paresthesia, foot drop, and intermittent pain are associated with degenerative disc disease due to nerve compression or irritation. Hyponatremia is unrelated to DDD, and hyperreflexia is not typically a hallmark of this condition, though it may occur in other neurological disorders.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client in the emergency department who sustained a head injury due to a fall. Which of the following are common reasons for head injuries in older adults? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Common reasons for head injuries in older adults include decreased visual acuity, polypharmacy, and weakness, which contribute to falls. Motor vehicle crashes are less common causes of head injuries in this population compared to falls-related factors.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following are risk factors for head injuries in older adults? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Decreased visual acuity contributes to falls due to poor depth perception and reduced peripheral vision. Polypharmacy increases fall risk through sedative or psychotropic medication effects. Weakness and frailty are age-related changes that heighten fall risk. Chronic hypertension can cause orthostatic hypotension or cerebrovascular issues like strokes, leading to falls. Motor vehicle crashes are less common in older adults, and previous military experience is not a common risk factor for fall-related head injuries.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for developing osmotic cerebral edema?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rapidly lowering plasma glucose levels creates an osmotic gradient between the brain and plasma, causing brain cells to pull water and result in cerebral edema. Hypokalemia, increased hemoglobin A1C, and elevated creatinine do not directly cause osmotic cerebral edema.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ARDS causes alveolar inflammation and damage, leading to stiff lungs and decreased pulmonary compliance, impairing lung expansion. Hypoxemia in ARDS results from V/Q mismatch and shunting, not dead space. Shunting does not directly impair CO2 elimination, and V/Q mismatch does not typically decrease pulmonary arterial pressure.