ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2023 III Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis of the liver and is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is responding to the treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased ascites. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is commonly used in cirrhotic patients to decrease fluid retention and ascites. As the medication helps to increase urine output and reduce fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a decrease in ascites would indicate that the client is responding positively to the treatment. Increased energy (choice
A) and increased appetite (choice
D) are not direct indicators of the medication's effectiveness in treating cirrhotic ascites. Decreased jaundice (choice
B) may improve with liver function but is not a specific response to spironolactone.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who started haloperidol five days ago and is experiencing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bromocriptine. Bromocriptine is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a rare but serious side effect of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. It works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, helping to alleviate symptoms of muscle rigidity, fever, and altered mental status associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Benztropine (
Choice
A) is an anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms, not neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Naloxone (
Choice
B) is used to reverse opioid overdose. Diphenhydramine (
Choice
D) is an antihistamine and not indicated for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe vomiting. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prochlorperazine. This medication is an antiemetic that helps in controlling severe vomiting. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, reducing nausea and vomiting. Propafenone (
A) is an antiarrhythmic drug, not indicated for vomiting. Simvastatin (
B) is a statin used for lowering cholesterol. Metformin (
D) is an antidiabetic medication. These choices are incorrect for treating severe vomiting as they do not have antiemetic properties.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who develops an anaphylactic reaction to IV antibiotic administration. After assessing the client's respiratory status and stopping the medication infusion. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer epinephrine 1M. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps to reverse the severe allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels, improving blood pressure, and opening airways to improve breathing. It is administered intramuscularly to ensure rapid absorption and effectiveness. This action is crucial in preventing further deterioration of the client's condition.
Choice B: Replacing the infusion with 0.9% sodium chloride may help stabilize the client's fluid status but does not address the anaphylactic reaction directly.
Choice C: Giving diphenhydramine intramuscularly can help with itching and mild allergic reactions but is not as effective or rapid-acting as epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis.
Choice D: Elevating the client's legs and feet is not appropriate in this situation as the priority is to address the anaphylactic reaction promptly.
In summary, administering
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Rationale: The correct answer is D because rifampin can cause a harmless side effect of orange discoloration of bodily fluids, including urine. This is important for the client to be aware of to prevent unnecessary concern or alarm.
Choice A is incorrect as rifampin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Choice B is incorrect as rifampin is usually taken once daily in the morning on an empty stomach.
Choice C is incorrect as wearing soft contact lenses is not recommended while on rifampin due to potential discoloration.