ATI RN
ATI Nur 175 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic respiratory acidosis due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect with this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic respiratory acidosis results from COâ‚‚ retention, which can lead to cerebral vasodilation and altered mental status, manifesting as delirium.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assigned to care for four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While it is important to prepare the postoperative client for discharge and ensure they understand how to take their new medication, this situation is less urgent than addressing a potential respiratory issue. Changing the dressing on a recent surgical incision is part of routine care and can be scheduled after more urgent needs are addressed. The client’s wound care is important, but it does not take precedence over potential respiratory distress. Although the chest x-ray is necessary to confirm the correct placement of the nasogastric tube, this can be done after the more immediate concern of a respiratory issue is addressed. The nasogastric tube will remain in place for feeding or drainage in the meantime. This client should be assessed first because asthma can lead to respiratory distress or an asthma attack, which requires prompt intervention. Since the client requested a nebulizer treatment during the previous shift, it is crucial to assess their current respiratory status and administer the treatment if necessary to prevent any complications.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of acute emphysema. The client is receiving oxygen at a flow rate of 5 L/min by nasal cannula. Which assessment findings should be reported to the provider immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This posture, known as the tripod position, is common among clients with emphysema as it helps them breathe more easily by using accessory muscles. While it indicates respiratory distress, it is not immediately life-threatening. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min is significantly below the normal range (12-20 breaths/min) and indicates hypoventilation, which can lead to life-threatening conditions such as hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood). This finding needs immediate attention from the provider. A barrel chest is a common physical finding in clients with chronic emphysema. It develops over time due to hyperinflation of the lungs but is not an urgent finding that needs immediate reporting. Fine bibasilar crackles can indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs or other lung pathology, but this finding alone does not necessarily require immediate intervention unless accompanied by other critical symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting a depressed mood one week before the start of their menstrual cycle. The nurse should identify that the client is exhibiting manifestations consistent with which of the following disorders?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PMDD causes severe mood disturbances before menstruation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has sleep dysregulation, poor memory, and poor concentration. Which of the following neurotransmitters should the nurse identify as being responsible for the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serotonin regulates sleep and cognitive function; low levels cause these symptoms.