ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following routes of administration should the nurse use?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Central venous access device. TPN is a hypertonic solution that requires a large vein for administration to prevent vein irritation and thrombosis. Central venous access devices, such as a central line or a PICC line, provide direct access to the central circulation, allowing for the rapid dilution and distribution of TPN. Subcutaneous (choice
A) and midline catheters (choice
D) are not suitable for TPN due to the hypertonic nature of the solution and potential tissue damage. While intravenous (choice
B) may be used, central venous access is preferred for TPN to minimize complications.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who requires treatment for high cholesterol. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse expect to administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colesevelam (Welchol). Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their reabsorption, and promoting their excretion in the feces. This ultimately reduces the total cholesterol levels in the body. Colchicine (
A) is used to treat gout and familial Mediterranean fever, not high cholesterol. Cimetidine (
B) is an H2 blocker used to reduce stomach acid production. Chlorpromazine (
D) is an antipsychotic medication.
Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for the treatment of high cholesterol.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for theophylline, a sustained-released capsule. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I will need to have blood levels drawn." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because theophylline levels need to be monitored to ensure the medication is at a therapeutic level and not reaching toxic levels. Regular blood tests are necessary to adjust the dosage as needed.
Choice A is incorrect because theophylline should not be taken with coffee as caffeine can interact with the medication.
Choice B is incorrect as the sustained-release capsule should not be opened or sprinkled in food as it can alter the drug absorption rate.
Choice C is incorrect because fluid intake should actually be increased while on theophylline to prevent dehydration and help with drug elimination.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer subcutaneous heparin to a client. Which of the following should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because inserting the needle at least 5 cm from the umbilicus helps prevent injury to the underlying structures. It ensures proper administration of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue, reducing the risk of complications. Massaging the site after administering the medication (choice
A) is incorrect as it can cause bruising and discomfort. Using a 21-gauge needle (choice
B) is incorrect because a smaller gauge needle is typically recommended for subcutaneous injections. Aspirating before injecting the medication (choice
C) is unnecessary for subcutaneous injections as there are no major blood vessels in the subcutaneous tissue.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse Is evaluating the laboratory results of four clents. The nurse should report which of the following laboratory results should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. An aPTT of 90 seconds is above the therapeutic range (30-40 seconds) for a client on heparin, indicating a risk of bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation. The nurse should report this to the provider for further evaluation and potential adjustment of the heparin dosage to ensure the client's safety.
Choice B is incorrect as an aPTT of 65 seconds falls within the therapeutic range for heparin, so it does not require immediate reporting.
Choices C and D are related to warfarin therapy, not heparin. An INR of 3.0 in choice C is above the therapeutic range (0.8-1.1) and requires reporting, as it indicates a risk of bleeding. An INR of 2.0 in choice D is within the therapeutic range and does not need immediate reporting.
In summary, the nurse should report the laboratory result in choice A because it indicates a