ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of cardiac arrhythmias and is taking verapamil. For which of the following reasons should the nurse consult the pharmacist?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Consulting the pharmacist to assess the compatibility of verapamil with newly ordered medications is crucial because verapamil is known to have significant drug interactions, especially with other medications that affect heart rhythms. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can potentiate the effects of other antiarrhythmic drugs, leading to serious cardiac complications. By consulting the pharmacist, the nurse can prevent potential drug interactions and ensure the client's safety.
Option B is incorrect because reporting the client's refusal to take verapamil does not require pharmacist consultation but rather involves addressing the client's compliance issues directly. Option C is incorrect because requesting a change in the dosage of verapamil should be discussed with the prescriber, not the pharmacist. Option D is incorrect because verifying the frequency of administration of verapamil can be done by referring to the medication order without pharmacist consultation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving desmopressin by intermittent IV bolus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of a therapeutic response to the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in urine output. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of vasopressin, a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body. In diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency of vasopressin leading to excessive urination. By giving desmopressin, urine output should decrease as the medication helps the kidneys retain water. This indicates a therapeutic response as the medication is effectively addressing the underlying issue of excessive urine output.
A: Decrease in blood pressure - Desmopressin does not directly affect blood pressure.
B: Increase in serum sodium - Desmopressin should help decrease serum sodium levels by retaining water.
C: Increase in heart rate - Desmopressin should not have a direct impact on heart rate.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client when they discover that the wrong medication was dispensed by the pharmacy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: File a report with the facility to document the incident as a near miss medication error. This action is crucial for patient safety and quality improvement. By documenting the incident as a near miss, the facility can investigate the root cause, implement preventive measures, and prevent future errors. Informing the client (
A) may cause unnecessary distress. Contacting the prescribing provider (
B) is important but should be done after reporting to the facility. Writing in the client's medical record (
C) is not sufficient for proper reporting.
Choices E, F, and G are not relevant to the situation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to apply a fentanyl transdermal patch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Press the patch firmly into place using the palm of the hand for 30 seconds. This action helps ensure proper adhesion of the fentanyl patch to the skin, promoting consistent drug delivery. Pressing the patch helps create better contact between the patch and the skin, enhancing absorption. It is important to press the patch firmly but gently to avoid damaging the patch or irritating the skin.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Cleaning the application area with an alcohol swab is not necessary and may irritate the skin.
B: Applying a warm compress may alter drug absorption and is not recommended for fentanyl patches.
D: Discarding the used patch in a clear plastic bag and placing it in the trash is correct for disposal but not related to applying the patch.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving ceftriaxone intravenously. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an allergic reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypotension. Allergic reactions to ceftriaxone can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, causing hypotension. This is due to the release of histamines in response to the medication, leading to vasodilation and loss of vascular tone. Polyuria, nausea, and bradycardia are not typical manifestations of an allergic reaction to ceftriaxone. Polyuria may indicate a kidney issue, nausea could be a common side effect, and bradycardia is usually not associated with allergic reactions. It is important for the nurse to recognize hypotension as a potential allergic reaction to promptly intervene and prevent further complications.