ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023 With NGN Questions and Correct Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer prior to chemotherapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ondansetron. Ondansetron is a commonly used antiemetic medication that helps prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and chemoreceptor trigger zone. Administering ondansetron before chemotherapy can effectively reduce the incidence of these side effects. Selenaline (
A) is not a recognized medication for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Diphenhydramine (
C) is an antihistamine that may be used for other types of nausea but is not the first-line treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea. Methylprednisolone (
D) is a corticosteroid that may be used to reduce inflammation but is not typically used as a primary antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings indicate the client is at risk for developing complications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, dysrhythmias. In heart failure, the heart's inability to pump effectively can lead to electrical disturbances causing dysrhythmias, which can be life-threatening. Dysrhythmias can result in decreased cardiac output, further exacerbating heart failure. Respiratory alkalosis (
B) is not a direct complication of heart failure. Acute kidney injury (
C) can occur due to decreased cardiac output, leading to decreased renal perfusion, but it is not a direct risk factor for complications in heart failure. Fluid volume deficit (
D) is a common finding in heart failure due to fluid retention, but it is not a direct risk for complications like dysrhythmias.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a preoperative client for allergies. Which of the following client statements would the nurse identify as a risk for an allergy to latex?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because wheezing after consuming peanuts indicates a potential allergic reaction, which could also extend to latex due to cross-reactivity. Peanuts and latex share similar proteins, leading to potential allergic responses.
Choices A, B, and C do not indicate a direct correlation to latex allergy and are unrelated symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has acute angina. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer aspirin. Aspirin helps to reduce platelet aggregation and prevent further clot formation in clients with acute angina, thus reducing the risk of myocardial infarction. Administering aspirin should be the first action as it addresses the immediate risk of clot formation and helps improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
Measuring blood pressure (
A) can be important but is not the priority in this situation. Administering nitroglycerin (
C) is important for symptom relief but does not address the underlying cause. Initiating IV access (
D) may be necessary later for further interventions, but it is not the first priority.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving morphine through a PCA device. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Teach the client how to self-medicate using the PCA device. This is important because it empowers the client to control their pain management while ensuring safety. Teaching the client how to use the PCA device helps promote autonomy and ensures that the client is receiving the appropriate dose of medication as prescribed. Encouraging family members to press the button (
B) may lead to inappropriate dosing and compromise the client's safety. Monitoring respiratory status (
C) is important but should be done more frequently, such as every hour, as respiratory depression can occur with morphine use. Administering an oral opioid for breakthrough pain (
D) may not be necessary if the client is able to self-medicate effectively with the PCA device.