ATI RN
ATI NUR 180 Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
History and Physical
Nurses Notes
Vital Signs
Medication Administration Record (MAR)
The client is a 78-year-old male who underwent a total right knee replacement due to severe osteoarthritis. He has a history of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He is alert and oriented x4 and reports mild pain at the surgical site, rated as 2 out of 10 on the pain scale. He denies nausea or vomiting.
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old male client admitted to the Surgical unit after having a total right knee replacement. The nurse reviews the client's nursing note, vital signs, and medication administration record (MAR). Based on the findings, which medication is appropriate for the client? Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options regarding the post-operative client: The nurse should understand that
| Ondansetron (Zofran) |
| Acetaminophen (Tylenol) |
| Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Norco) |
| Melatonin |
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To determine the appropriate medication for the post-operative client, the nurse should consider pain management and potential side effects. Acetaminophen is a suitable choice as it is a mild analgesic with minimal side effects, making it safe for older adults like the 78-year-old male client. Acetaminophen is effective for managing post-operative pain without the risk of respiratory depression associated with opioid medications like Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Norco). Ondansetron (Zofran) is typically used for nausea and vomiting, not for pain management. Melatonin is a sleep aid and not indicated for post-operative pain relief.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Acetaminophen , as it provides effective pain relief with a lower risk of side effects compared to other options.
Extract:
Nurses Notes
Vital Signs
The client is a 65-year-old female admitted for a urinary tract infection (UTI). She reports burning on urination, urgency, and frequency. Vital signs are stable. The client has no known drug allergies. A urine specimen was collected for culture and sensitivity testing. The primary health care provider has ordered an antibiotic to treat the infection.
A nurse is working with a client on the medical unit being treated for a bacterial infection of the urinary tract.
Exhibits
The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection. Which most important action should the nurse take prior to administering the antibiotic?
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is working with a client on the medical unit being treated for a bacterial infection of the urinary tract. The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection. Which most important action should the nurse take prior to administering the antibiotic?
| Administering a small test dose to determine whether hypersensitivity exists. |
| Having epinephrine available in the event of a severe hypersensitivity reaction. |
| Monitoring the client’s temperature and blood pressure. |
| Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. |
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: [0, 0, 0, 1, 0]
The correct answer is D: Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. Before administering an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection, it is crucial to obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic for treatment. This step ensures targeted therapy and helps prevent antibiotic resistance. Administering a small test dose is not necessary for antibiotics and may delay necessary treatment. Having epinephrine available (
B) is important for severe allergic reactions but is not the most important action before administering the antibiotic. Monitoring temperature and blood pressure (
C) is important for general assessment but does not directly impact the choice of antibiotic.
Extract:
Nurses Notes
Vital Signs
Medication Administration Record (MAR)
The client arrived at the unit at 1000. He is alert and oriented x4. He reports mild pain at the surgical site, rated as 2 out of 10 on the pain scale. Peripheral IV is located on the left forearm with good blood return and flushes without difficulty. Vital signs are stable. The client denies nausea or vomiting.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old male client admitted to the Surgical unit after having a total right knee replacement. Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client’s progress. Condition Choices: A. Post-operative pain, B. Post-operative nausea and vomiting, C. Surgical site infection, D. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), E. Actions to take Choices: A. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) for mild pain., B. Apply a warm compress to the surgical site., C. Encourage ambulation to prevent DVT., D. Monitor for signs of infection at the surgical site., E. Administer ondansetron (Zofran) for nausea. Parameters to monitor Choices: A. Pain level on a 0-10 scale., B. Respiratory rate., C. Oxygen saturation., D. Surgical site appearance., E. Urine output.
| Condition:A. Post-operative pain B. Post-operative nausea and vomiting C. Surgical site infection D. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| Actions to take: A. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) for mild pain. B. Apply a warm compress to the surgical site. C. Encourage ambulation to prevent DVT. D. Monitor for signs of infection at the surgical site. E. Administer ondansetron (Zofran) for nausea. |
| Parameters to monitor: A. Pain level on a 0-10 scale. B. Respiratory rate. C. Oxygen saturation. D. Surgical site appearance. E. Urine output. |
Correct Answer: A,A,B,A
Rationale: The correct answer is - A,A,B,A.
Rationale:
1. Post-operative pain is a common issue after knee replacement surgery. Administering acetaminophen helps manage mild pain.
2. Monitoring the surgical site appearance is crucial to detect signs of infection early for prompt intervention.
3. Encouraging ambulation is essential to prevent complications like DVT due to immobility.
4. Pain level on a 0-10 scale should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of pain management and the client's comfort.
Summary of other choices:
- Post-operative nausea and vomiting (
B) is not the most likely condition for a client after knee replacement surgery.
- Surgical site infection (
C) is important to monitor but not the most likely condition immediately post-surgery.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (
D) is a possible complication, but ambulation is a more direct preventive measure.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse started a client's gentamicin via an intravenous (IV) route that is programmed to infuse over one hour. Ten minutes after the administration, the client reports dyspnea, generalized rash, and itchiness. What is the priority intervention for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stop the infusion immediately. This is the priority intervention because the client is experiencing signs of an allergic reaction to gentamicin, which can lead to anaphylaxis. Stopping the infusion will help prevent further exposure to the allergen and reduce the severity of the reaction. Additionally, the nurse should assess the client's vital signs and airway patency, as well as notify the healthcare provider. Administering IV fluids, encouraging deep breaths, or administering oxygen may be necessary depending on the severity of the reaction, but the first step is always to stop the infusion to prevent further harm. Administering an IV fluid bolus or oxygen may help manage symptoms, but they are not the initial priority. Encouraging deep breaths may not be effective in addressing the allergic reaction.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that will be discharged from the hospital in the next hour. The nurse notes that the client is unable to provide self-injections at home. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect for discharge to manage the DVT at home?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Warfarin (Coumadin). Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that can be self-administered at home. It is commonly used to prevent and treat DVT. The nurse should expect this medication for discharge as it allows the client to manage their condition independently. Insulin (
A) is used to manage diabetes, not DVT. Heparin (
C) and Enoxaparin (
D) are injectable anticoagulants that require training for administration, which the client is unable to provide.