ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatrics 2023 Questions
Extract:
5-year-old child who has nephrotic syndrome who weighs 12 kg (26.5 lb) postoperative following open-heart surgery
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has nephrotic syndrome who weighs 12 kg (26.5 lb) and is postoperative following open-heart surgery. Which of the following findings suggests that the management has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urine output 256 mL over 8 hr. In nephrotic syndrome and postoperative open-heart surgery, monitoring urine output is crucial to assess kidney function and fluid balance. A urine output of 256 mL over 8 hours indicates adequate kidney perfusion and function, suggesting effective management.
A: Temperature within normal range does not directly indicate effectiveness of management.
C: No pain with voiding is important but does not specifically indicate effectiveness of management for nephrotic syndrome or postoperative care.
D: Odorless urine is a good sign but does not directly reflect the effectiveness of managing nephrotic syndrome or postoperative care.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has nephrotic syndrome who weighs 12 kg (26.5 lb) and is postoperative following open-heart surgery. Which of the following findings suggests that the management has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urine output 256 mL over 8 hr. In nephrotic syndrome and postoperative open-heart surgery, monitoring urine output is crucial to assess kidney function and fluid balance. A urine output of 256 mL over 8 hours indicates adequate kidney perfusion and function, suggesting effective management.
A: Temperature within normal range does not directly indicate effectiveness of management.
C: No pain with voiding is important but does not specifically indicate effectiveness of management for nephrotic syndrome or postoperative care.
D: Odorless urine is a good sign but does not directly reflect the effectiveness of managing nephrotic syndrome or postoperative care.
Extract:
Child with epiglottitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type B
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has epiglottitis due to an infection with Haemophilus influenzae type B. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, and D.
A: Begin droplet precautions - This is crucial to prevent the spread of infection as Haemophilus influenzae type B is transmitted through respiratory droplets.
B: Initiate IV access - Important for administering antibiotics and fluids to manage the infection and maintain hydration.
D: Monitor oxygen saturation - Essential to assess respiratory status as epiglottitis can lead to airway obstruction and respiratory distress.
Incorrect choices:
C: Inspect the epiglottis - Direct visualization can be dangerous and can lead to worsening airway obstruction.
E: Obtain a throat culture - Not a priority in the acute care of epiglottitis; treatment should be initiated promptly based on clinical presentation.
Extract:
School-age child with heart failure
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The correct findings for a child with heart failure are tachycardia (increased heart rate), dyspnea (difficulty breathing), and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin). Tachycardia occurs due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, causing it to beat faster to compensate. Dyspnea results from fluid buildup in the lungs due to the heart's inability to adequately pump blood. Cyanosis is a sign of poor oxygenation in the blood. Weight loss, bounding peripheral pulses, and other choices are typically not expected findings in a child with heart failure. Weight gain due to fluid retention, weak or thready pulses, and other signs of poor perfusion would be more indicative of heart failure.
Extract:
Child for a lumbar puncture
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing a child for a lumbar puncture. In which of the following positions should the child be placed for the procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lateral. Placing the child in a lateral position helps to widen the spaces between the vertebrae, making it easier to access the lumbar region. This position also reduces the risk of nerve damage during the procedure. Placing the child prone (
A) or supine (
D) would not provide the optimal access to the lumbar region. Semi-Fowler's position (
C) is not ideal as it does not provide the necessary alignment of the spine for a lumbar puncture.