ATI RN
ATI N180 Pharmacology Quiz 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old male client who is prescribed with insulin and glucagon (GlucaGen) for diabetes. The client is unsure why he is prescribed with glucagon (GlucaGen). Which of the following is a therapeutic use for glucagon (GlucaGen)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoglycemia. Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels. This is crucial in managing low blood sugar levels in diabetic patients who are using insulin.
Choice A: Thyroid cancer - Glucagon is not indicated for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Choice C: Diabetes insipidus - Glucagon is not used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus, which is a disorder involving the kidneys and water balance.
Choice D: Type 2 diabetes mellitus - Glucagon is not typically used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Choice E: Irrelevant and unrelated to the therapeutic use of glucagon.
In summary, the correct answer, B, is supported by the fact that glucagon is specifically indicated for managing hypoglycemia by raising blood sugar levels. The other choices are incorrect as they do not
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to educate a patient who has newly been prescribed sucralfate (Carafate) for the management of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). What is the mechanism of action for this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Creates a protective barrier that adheres to an ulcer, which can stick to the ulcer for up to 6 hours. Sucralfate works by forming a protective barrier at the site of the ulcer, which acts as a physical barrier against gastric acid, pepsin, and bile salts, allowing the ulcer to heal. This mechanism helps to promote ulcer healing by providing a protective environment for the ulcer to repair itself.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Neutralizing the acidity of gastric acid is not the mechanism of sucralfate.
B: Sucralfate is not an endogenous prostaglandin.
C: Antagonizing H2 receptors is the mechanism of H2 antagonists, not sucralfate.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription for metformin (Glucophage). Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report as an adverse effect of metformin? (Select All That Apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Somnolence. Metformin does not typically cause hypoglycemia as it works by reducing glucose production in the liver. Fluid retention is not a common adverse effect of metformin. Hyperglycemia is the condition metformin is used to treat, so it would not be an adverse effect. Somnolence, or drowsiness, can occur as a side effect of metformin and may indicate a possible adverse reaction that should be reported to the healthcare provider to ensure appropriate management.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing an in-service about insulin to a group of patients who are diagnosed with diabetes. The onset of lispro (Humalog) is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 15 to 30 minutes. Lispro (Humalog) is a rapid-acting insulin with a quick onset of action. When injected, it starts working within 15 to 30 minutes, making it ideal for controlling postprandial blood sugar levels. This rapid onset helps to manage blood sugar spikes after meals.
Choices B, C, D, E, and F are incorrect. B, C are incorrect because they refer to timeframes that are not associated with the onset of Lispro. D, E, and F are incorrect because they mention long-acting insulins like Glargine and Aspart, which have a different mechanism of action and onset compared to Lispro.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing an in-service regarding gastrointestinal (GI) medications. Surfactant laxatives, such as
Correct Answer: A, F
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A, F
Rationale:
1. Docusate sodium (
Choice
A) is a surfactant laxative that works by lowering the surface tension of the stool, allowing water to penetrate and soften it for easier passage.
2. Loperamide (
Choice F) is an anti-diarrheal agent that slows down gut motility and reduces fluid secretion in the intestines.
3.
Choices B, C, E, and G do not fit the description of surfactant laxatives and their mechanisms of action are different from those of docusate sodium and loperamide.
4. Bisacodyl (
Choice
B) is a stimulant laxative, Polyethylene glycol (
Choice
C) is an osmotic laxative, morphine (
Choice E) is an opioid analgesic, and Metronidazole (
Choice
D) is an antibiotic with no direct effect on stool softening or diarrhea prevention.