ATI RN
ATI Nurs 2000 Fundamentals Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing an older adult patient who is experiencing age-related changes. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased joint stiffness is a common age-related change in older adults. Increased muscle mass is not typically an age-related change. In fact older adults often experience a decrease in muscle mass a condition known as sarcopenia. Increased calcification of bones is not a typical age-related change. Older adults are more likely to experience osteoporosis a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density. Decreased balance is a common age-related change but it is not the correct answer for this question.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a patient about reducing the risk for falls. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Installing handrails in the bathroom is a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. Handrails provide support and stability particularly in slippery environments like the bathroom. Using a standard height toilet seat is not necessarily a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. A toilet seat at an appropriate height for the individual would be more beneficial. Wearing backless shoes is not a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. Shoes with good support and non-slip soles are typically recommended. Covering extension cords with a throw rug is not a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. This could potentially create a tripping hazard.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a class about the stages of the general adaptive syndrome (GAS). The nurse should include that which of the following is the first physiological response that occurs during GAS?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first physiological response that occurs during the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is the alarm reaction stage. This stage is the body's initial response to stress where the sympathetic nervous system is activated by the sudden release of hormones. The body remaining alert while blood pressure and heart rate return to pre-stress levels is part of the resistance stage of GAS not the first physiological response. Prolonged exposure to stress resulting in illness is associated with the exhaustion stage of GAS which is the final stage not the first physiological response. An increase in hormones causing an increase in blood pressure and heart rate is part of the alarm reaction stage but it is not the first physiological response. The first response is the perception of a stressor that stimulates the central nervous system.
Question 4 of 5
While assessing the breath sounds of a client with Parkinson's disease a nurse hears adventitious sounds. How should the client's nutritional needs be met?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a client with Parkinson's disease who has difficulty swallowing or chewing due to muscle rigidity semi-solid food with thick liquids can be easier to swallow and reduce the risk of choking. Minced foods and fluid restriction may not provide the necessary nutrients and hydration for a client with Parkinson's disease. A low-residue diet which is low in fiber may not be appropriate for a client with Parkinson's disease as constipation is a common symptom of the disease and fiber can help alleviate this.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically reserved for clients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating.
Question 5 of 5
A client is newly diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). What instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This statement is not accurate. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is characterized by periods of new symptoms or relapses that develop over days or weeks and usually improve partially or completely. These episodes are followed by periods of remission where the disease does not progress.
Therefore RRMS does not cause a steady and gradual decline in function. This is the correct answer. Stress and extreme fatigue can trigger a relapse in RRMS.
Therefore it is important for patients to avoid these triggers to manage their symptoms effectively. This statement is incorrect. RRMS is the most common disease course at the time of diagnosis. It is not the least common type of multiple sclerosis. This statement is not accurate. Medications for RRMS known as disease-modifying treatments (DMT) are designed to reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. They are not intended to be taken only during times of relapse but rather on an ongoing basis to manage the disease.