ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking an osmotic laxative. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of fluid volume deficit?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oliguria. Osmotic laxatives work by drawing water into the colon to promote bowel movements, potentially leading to fluid loss. Oliguria, decreased urine output, indicates fluid volume deficit due to the body conserving water. Nausea (
A) is a common side effect of laxatives and does not directly indicate fluid volume deficit. Weight gain (
B) is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit. Headache (
C) can occur for various reasons and is not a specific sign of fluid volume deficit in this context.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure. The nurse administered furosemide 60 mg IV bolus 30 min earlier. For which of the following findings should the nurse notify the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because furosemide can cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing difficulties. The nurse should notify the provider immediately to prevent further harm. A: Potassium level within normal range is expected with furosemide. B: Dizziness upon standing is a common side effect of furosemide due to fluid loss and orthostatic hypotension. D: BUN level is within normal range and not a concern in this situation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is 12 hr postpartum and has a third-degree perineal laceration. The client reports not having a bowel movement for 4 days. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bisacodyl 10 mg per rectum. This medication is a stimulant laxative that helps stimulate bowel movements and relieve constipation. In this scenario, the client's lack of bowel movement for 4 days postpartum, especially with a third-degree perineal laceration, can lead to discomfort and complications like fecal impaction. Administering a rectal suppository ensures a faster onset of action compared to oral medications.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Magnesium hydroxide is an oral laxative that may take longer to have an effect compared to a rectal suppository.
C: Famotidine is a medication used to reduce stomach acid and is not indicated for constipation.
D: Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication and would worsen the client's constipation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client after administering phenytoin IV bolus for a seizure. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotension. Phenytoin can cause hypotension due to its vasodilatory effects. The drug can lead to decreased vascular resistance, resulting in lowered blood pressure. Hypoglycemia (
A) is not a typical adverse effect of phenytoin. Bradycardia (
B) is not a common side effect; phenytoin is more likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias. Red man syndrome (
C) is associated with vancomycin, not phenytoin.
Therefore, the nurse should identify hypotension as the potential adverse effect.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a peripheral IV infusion and notes infiltration of fluid into the tissue surrounding the insertion site. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - Elevate the extremity
Rationale: Elevating the extremity helps to reduce swelling and minimize the spread of the infiltrated fluid. By elevating the limb, gravity assists in draining the excess fluid back into the circulation, preventing further tissue damage.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Flushing the IV catheter would not address the issue of fluid infiltration into the tissue.
B: Applying pressure may further damage the tissue and is not recommended.
D: Slowing the infusion rate does not address the existing infiltration and may not prevent further complications.