ATI RN
ATI Capstone Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased thyroid hormone levels, leading to symptoms such as lethargy due to slowed metabolism. Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is associated with hyperthyroidism. Photophobia (sensitivity to light) is not a common symptom of hypothyroidism. Weight loss is more indicative of hyperthyroidism due to increased metabolism.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Lethargy, as it aligns with the expected findings in hypothyroidism.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires mechanical ventilation. The client receives a prescription for pancuronium. The nurse recognizes that this medication is for which of the following purposes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suppress respiratory effort. Pancuronium is a neuromuscular blocking agent that paralyzes skeletal muscles, including the muscles involved in breathing. In ARDS, the client may have difficulty breathing due to lung damage, so pancuronium can be used to facilitate mechanical ventilation by preventing respiratory muscle movement. This allows the ventilator to control the client's breathing without interference. The other choices are incorrect because pancuronium does not induce sedation (
A), affect chest wall compliance (
C), or decrease respiratory secretions (
D). It solely works to suppress respiratory effort by blocking neuromuscular transmission.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving vancomycin. The nurse notes a flushing of the neck and tachycardia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decrease the infusion rate on the IV. Flushing of the neck and tachycardia are common signs of "Red Man Syndrome," a potential adverse reaction to vancomycin infusion. Decreasing the infusion rate can help alleviate these symptoms. Documentation (
B) of an anaphylactic reaction is inaccurate because these symptoms are not indicative of an anaphylactic reaction. Changing the IV site (
C) is unnecessary as the symptoms are likely due to the medication itself. Applying cold compresses (
D) is not effective for this reaction.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is participating in a research study for an experimental chemotherapy medication. After three treatments, the experimental medication is discontinued due to evidence of rapidly advancing kidney failure. The nurse should understand discontinuing this medication demonstrates which of the following ethical principles?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nonmaleficence. This principle of ethics requires healthcare providers to do no harm to their patients. In this scenario, discontinuing the experimental chemotherapy medication after evidence of rapidly advancing kidney failure demonstrates the nurse's commitment to preventing further harm to the client. By stopping the medication that is causing harm, the nurse is upholding the principle of nonmaleficence.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Veracity - Veracity pertains to truthfulness and honesty in communication with patients. Discontinuing the medication is not related to truthfulness.
B: Fidelity - Fidelity refers to the obligation to fulfill commitments and promises made to patients. Discontinuing the medication is not about fulfilling commitments.
D: Autonomy - Autonomy is the right of patients to make their own decisions about their healthcare. Discontinuing the medication is not about respecting the patient's autonomy in this context.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing a response protocol for botulism as a bioterrorism agent. The nurse should prepare the protocol based on which of the following information? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: The correct answers are C and D.
Choice C is correct because botulism can indeed produce paralysis within 12 to 72 hours following exposure. This is crucial information for early detection and treatment.
Choice D is also correct because vomiting and diarrhea are not typical symptoms of botulism. The toxin primarily affects the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and paralysis.
Choices A, B, and E are incorrect. Botulism is not acquired through direct contact with an infected person (
A), the CDC should be notified immediately upon suspicion of botulism, not after a certain number of cases (
B), and botulism toxin is not found in castor beans (E).