ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium gluconate. In hypermagnesemia, there is an excess of magnesium in the blood, leading to muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for hypermagnesemia as it works by antagonizing the effects of magnesium. By administering calcium gluconate, the nurse can help reverse the symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia and restore normal calcium levels in the body. Protamine sulfate (
Choice
A) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, acetylcysteine (
Choice
B) is used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, and flumazenil (
Choice
D) is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines. These medications are not indicated for hypermagnesemia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of ondansetron (Zofran). Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the ondansetron has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Client reports a decrease in nausea. Ondansetron is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting. If the client reports a decrease in nausea, it indicates that the medication has been effective in managing this specific symptom. Decrease in pain (choice
A) is not directly related to the action of ondansetron.
Choices C (decrease in coughing) and D (decrease in diarrhea) are not typical indications of ondansetron's effectiveness. It is important for the nurse to focus on the specific expected outcome of the medication, which is the reduction of nausea and vomiting.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse manager is planning an in-service about pain management with opioids for clients who have cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse manager include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because respiratory depression decreases as opioid tolerance develops. Opioid tolerance occurs with prolonged use, leading to a decrease in the side effect of respiratory depression. This information is crucial for healthcare providers managing cancer pain with opioids.
Choice A is incorrect because oral administration is preferred over intramuscular for better absorption and convenience.
Choice C is incorrect as meperidine is not recommended for chronic pain due to its toxic metabolite.
Choice D is incorrect as PRN pain medication should not be withheld for clients on scheduled opioid doses to ensure adequate pain control.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the list of current medications for a client who is to start a prescription for carbamazepine. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications interacts with carbamazepine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen-progestin combination. Carbamazepine can decrease the effectiveness of estrogen-containing medications, including estrogen-progestin combinations, by increasing their metabolism. This can lead to reduced contraceptive efficacy and breakthrough bleeding.
Nicotine transdermal system (choice
A) does not have a significant interaction with carbamazepine. Diphenhydramine (choice
B) is an antihistamine and does not interact with carbamazepine. Beclomethasone (choice
D) is a corticosteroid and does not have a significant interaction with carbamazepine.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory infection and is receiving an antibiotic. Which of the following medications puts the client at risk for developing hearing loss?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gentamicin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss. The medication affects the inner ear's hair cells, resulting in irreversible damage. Rifampin (
A), Ciprofloxacin (
B), and Penicillin G (
C) are not associated with ototoxicity. In summary, Gentamicin (
D) is the only medication in the choices that poses a risk for hearing loss due to its ototoxic effects on the inner ear.