ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 Retake 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 4
A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is taking furosemide. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing fluid volume deficit?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated hematocrit level. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps the body get rid of excess fluid, potentially leading to fluid volume deficit. When there is less fluid in the body, the concentration of red blood cells increases, causing an elevation in hematocrit levels. Distended neck veins (choice
A) are a sign of fluid volume overload, shortness of breath (choice
C) can be a symptom of heart failure and not specifically indicative of fluid volume deficit, and weight gain (choice
D) is also a sign of fluid volume overload rather than deficit.
Question 2 of 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition and identifies that the client has hypoglycemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer IV dextrose. Hypoglycemia in a client receiving parenteral nutrition indicates a low blood sugar level, which can lead to serious complications. Administering IV dextrose will help raise the client's blood sugar levels quickly and effectively. Discontinuing the infusion (Option
A) would further decrease the client's glucose intake. Obtaining arterial blood gases (Option
B) is not necessary for treating hypoglycemia. Warming the formula to room temperature (Option
C) is not relevant to addressing hypoglycemia. Administering IV dextrose is the most appropriate and immediate intervention to correct hypoglycemia in this scenario.
Question 3 of 4
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking phenelzine and reports eating aged cheese. Which of the following is a manifestation of an interaction between the medication and the food?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that can interact with tyramine-rich foods like aged cheese, leading to a hypertensive crisis. Tyramine displaces norepinephrine, causing vasoconstriction and elevated blood pressure. Bradycardia, somnolence, and diarrhea are not typically associated with this interaction. Hypertension is the most critical manifestation to assess due to the risk of severe cardiovascular complications.
Question 4 of 4
A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression. Oxycodone is an opioid that acts on the central nervous system, specifically on the brainstem respiratory centers, causing respiratory depression. This results in a decrease in the respiratory rate. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to respiratory depression caused by oxycodone. Option A refers to the mechanism of action of NSAIDs, not opioids like oxycodone. Option B refers to the effect on cranial arteries, which is unrelated to respiratory rate. Option C describes the mechanism of local anesthetics, not opioids.
Question 5 of 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is mechanically ventilated and receiving propofol intravenously. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a complication of administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sepsis. Propofol is known to suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections like sepsis in mechanically ventilated patients. Hypokalemia (
A) is not directly related to propofol administration. Urinary retention (
C) is a common side effect of anesthesia but not specific to propofol. Hypoglycemia (
D) is not a common complication of propofol. In summary, sepsis is the correct choice as it is a potential serious complication associated with propofol administration in mechanically ventilated patients, while the other choices are less relevant or not directly linked to propofol.