Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bradycardia is a common finding in hypothyroidism due to decreased metabolic rate and reduced sympathetic stimulation, slowing the heart rate.
Choice A is incorrect because hypothyroidism typically causes weight gain due to slowed metabolism, not weight loss.
Choice C is incorrect because heat intolerance is associated with hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism causes cold intolerance.
Choice D is incorrect because hypothyroidism often leads to constipation due to reduced gastrointestinal motility, not diarrhea.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Performing exercises to improve balance and coordination is essential for clients with Parkinson's disease to maintain mobility, reduce fall risk, and manage motor symptoms like bradykinesia and rigidity.
Choice B is incorrect because Parkinson's medications (e.g., levodopa) are typically taken during the day on a strict schedule to control symptoms, not at bedtime, which may disrupt sleep.
Choice C is incorrect because high-protein meals can interfere with levodopa absorption, so they should be spaced out from medication doses, not avoided entirely.
Choice D is incorrect because a heating pad may not effectively relieve Parkinson's-related muscle stiffness and could cause burns if sensation is impaired.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Elevating the affected arm on a pillow promotes lymphatic drainage, reduces swelling, and enhances comfort after a mastectomy, where lymph nodes may have been removed.
Choice A is incorrect because, while deep-breathing exercises are beneficial for lung expansion, they do not directly address post-mastectomy comfort related to the surgical site.
Choice B is incorrect because a supine position with the head flat may increase swelling and discomfort; a semi-Fowler's position is preferred.
Choice C is incorrect because a warm compress is not recommended, as it may increase swelling or risk infection; cold packs may be used if prescribed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rapid speech is typical in a manic episode of bipolar disorder. Hypersomnia, weight gain, and flat affect are more associated with depression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This instruction will help the client to prevent venous stasis and thrombosis, which are common postoperative complications. Range-of-motion exercises promote blood circulation and prevent muscle atrophy and contractures.
Choice B is wrong because using an incentive spirometer every 4 hours is not related to promoting circulation, but rather to improving lung expansion and preventing atelectasis and pneumonia. Using an incentive spirometer is also important for postoperative clients, but it does not address the question.
Choice C is wrong because remaining on bed rest for 24 hours following the procedure is the opposite of promoting circulation. Bed rest increases the risk of venous stasis, thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Postoperative clients should be encouraged to ambulate as soon as possible, unless contraindicated.
Choice D is wrong because placing a pillow under your knees while in bed impairs circulation and increases the risk of thrombosis. Placing a pillow under the knees can cause pressure on the popliteal veins and reduce blood flow. Postoperative clients should avoid this position and keep their legs in a neutral or slightly elevated position.