ATI RN
ATI n269 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client to identify risk factors for disease. Which of the following findings is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A large waist size is a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome, as it is one of the key components in diagnosing the syndrome. Abdominal obesity (visceral fat) is strongly associated with insulin resistance, high cholesterol, and increased cardiovascular risk.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetone odor to breath is a hallmark sign of diabetic ketoacidosis. The body breaks down fats for energy, producing ketones, which are released in the breath, giving it a fruity or acetone-like odor.
Question 3 of 5
In reviewing admission orders for a patient admitted with SIADH, the nurse should question which order?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion), the body retains excessive water, leading to dilutional hyponatremia (low sodium levels). Administering hypertonic saline (3% NS) can exacerbate the condition by rapidly increasing sodium levels, which may cause demyelination of neurons (a condition called osmotic demyelination syndrome). Hypertonic saline is typically only used in severe hyponatremia with neurologic symptoms and should be carefully monitored.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following interventions should the nurse expect to perform? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Assessing blood glucose level, assessing for neck vein distention, and weighing the client daily are appropriate interventions for Cushing's syndrome due to the effects of excess cortisol on glucose metabolism, fluid retention, and weight gain.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with asthma is admitted with severe dyspnea and is unable to speak. The nurse finds that the patient looks drowsy and confused. Which other finding would the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Deteriorating arterial blood gas (ABG) results, with low oxygen levels (hypoxemia) and elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), would be expected in a patient with severe asthma exacerbation. These signs indicate respiratory failure and the need for urgent intervention.