ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatrics 2023 Questions
Extract:
Child with heart failure
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a child who has heart failure. Which of the following findings is a clinical manifestation associated with this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tachypnea. In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery. Tachypnea occurs as the body compensates by increasing respiratory rate to improve oxygenation. Bradycardia (
A) is a slow heart rate and not typically seen in heart failure. Increased appetite (
B) is not a typical symptom of heart failure, as patients often have poor appetite due to symptoms like fluid retention. Tremors (
D) are not directly related to heart failure. In summary, tachypnea is a common clinical manifestation in heart failure due to the body's compensatory mechanism to improve oxygenation.
Extract:
School-age child receiving morphine
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a school-age child who is receiving morphine. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradypnea. Morphine is an opioid that can depress the respiratory system, leading to decreased respiratory rate known as bradypnea. The nurse should monitor the child for signs of respiratory depression such as shallow breathing, decreased oxygen saturation, and altered mental status. Hypertension (choice
A) is not a common adverse effect of morphine; Stevens-Johnson syndrome (choice
B) is a severe skin reaction typically caused by medications like antibiotics, not opioids like morphine; Prolonged wound healing (choice
C) is not directly associated with morphine use.
Extract:
4-year-old child
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to perform a venipuncture on a 4-year-old child. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure atraumatic care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Correct Answer: D. Apply a topical anesthetic cream 1 hr prior to the procedure.
Rationale: Applying a topical anesthetic cream helps reduce pain and discomfort during the venipuncture procedure, promoting atraumatic care. It numbs the area, making the procedure less painful for the child. This approach aligns with the principles of providing care in a child-friendly and minimally traumatic manner.
Summary:
A: Asking the parent to leave may increase the child's anxiety, contrary to atraumatic care.
B: Explaining the procedure in detail 3 hr prior may cause unnecessary stress and anxiety for the child.
C: Performing the procedure in the playroom may not address the pain and discomfort associated with the procedure.
E, F, G: Not provided, but applying a topical anesthetic cream remains the most appropriate choice for atraumatic care.
Extract:
School-age child following plaster cast for right forearm fracture
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child following the application of a plaster cast for a right forearm fracture. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Apply pieces of moleskin around the edges of the cast. This intervention helps prevent skin irritation and breakdown at the edges of the cast. Moleskin acts as a barrier between the cast and the skin, reducing friction and pressure. It promotes comfort and skin integrity.
Choice A is incorrect because applying plastic covering to the cast until dry can trap moisture, leading to skin maceration.
Choice C is incorrect as repositioning the cast with fingertips can compromise its integrity and fit.
Choice D is incorrect because maintaining the casted extremity below heart level can increase swelling and compromise circulation.
Extract:
3-month-old infant with diarrhea
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant who has diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased hematocrit. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration in infants, resulting in a decrease in blood volume and concentration of red blood cells. This can cause an increase in hematocrit levels as the blood becomes more concentrated. Decreased heart rate (choice
A) is not typically associated with diarrhea in infants. Bulging fontanel (choice
B) is a sign of increased intracranial pressure, not related to diarrhea. Polyuria (choice
C) is excessive urination, not typically seen in infants with diarrhea.
Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly relates to dehydration and the body's compensatory response.