ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Exams Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has pertussis. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pertussis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet precautions, including wearing a surgical mask within 3 feet of the client and placing the client in a private room, prevent transmission. Airborne precautions are for diseases like tuberculosis, contact precautions for infections like MRSA, and protective precautions are for immunocompromised clients, not pertussis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for the client with cardiac and renal disease. The client now has a serum potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L. Which medications, if prescribed, should the nurse administer? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes against hyperkalemia effects. Dextrose and insulin shift potassium into cells, lowering serum levels. Colace is irrelevant to hyperkalemia. Potassium chloride would worsen hyperkalemia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse instructs a class of older adult women about Kegel exercises. In which of the following urinary conditions would Kegel exercises be effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles, reducing stress incontinence by supporting the bladder during activities like coughing. Functional incontinence is due to mobility issues, urinary retention requires other interventions, and fecal incontinence isn’t addressed by Kegels.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shortness of breath, swelling, crackles, and elevated blood pressure suggest hypervolemia (fluid overload), common in ESKD due to impaired fluid excretion. Hyponatremia, hypovolemia, and hyperkalemia have different symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a lacerated spleen and has been on bedrest for several days. The nurse auscultates decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes of both lungs. The nurse should realize that this finding is most likely an indication of which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes suggest atelectasis, a collapse of lung tissue common in immobile clients due to reduced lung expansion. Gastric emptying, infections, and pulmonary edema have different symptoms.