ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions Correct Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Photophobia. Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, is a common symptom of meningitis due to inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This occurs because bright light can worsen the headache associated with meningitis. Bradycardia and petechiae on the chest are not typical findings in meningitis. Intermittent headache is vague and not specific to meningitis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a contusion of the brainstem and reports thirst. The client's urinary output was 4,000 mL over the past 24 hr. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following IV medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Desmopressin. The client with a contusion of the brainstem and increased urinary output of 4,000 mL in 24 hrs is likely experiencing diabetes insipidus (DI), which is characterized by excessive urination and thirst. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that helps reduce urine production and control thirst in DI. Nitroprusside (
A) is a vasodilator used to treat hypertensive emergencies, not related to DI. Furosemide (
B) is a loop diuretic that increases urine output and would worsen the client's condition. Epinephrine (
C) is a sympathomimetic drug used in emergencies like anaphylaxis, not for DI.
Therefore, Desmopressin is the most appropriate choice to address the client's symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has acute gout. The nurse should expect an increase in which of the following laboratory results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uric acid. In acute gout, there is an accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. As a result, the uric acid levels in the blood increase. Monitoring uric acid levels helps in diagnosing and managing gout.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Intrinsic factor - Intrinsic factor is related to vitamin B12 absorption, not gout.
C: Chloride level - Chloride level is not directly impacted by acute gout.
D: Creatinine kinase - Creatinine kinase is an enzyme related to muscle breakdown, not specifically affected by gout.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has skeletal traction applied to the left leg. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide the client with a trapeze bar. This is essential for the client in skeletal traction to independently move and reposition themselves safely without putting additional stress on the affected leg. Using elbows (
A) can disrupt the traction. Removing weights (
B) can lead to complications. Checking pressure points (
C) is important but not specific to this situation. The trapeze bar (
D) promotes client independence and safety.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has increased intracranial pressure. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is the first sign of deteriorating neurological status?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Altered level of consciousness. This is the first sign of deteriorating neurological status in a client with increased intracranial pressure. Changes in consciousness indicate impairment in brain function, signaling potential brain injury or worsening condition. Altered level of consciousness can progress rapidly if not addressed promptly.
Choice B, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, is associated with abnormal breathing patterns and typically occurs in conditions like heart failure or brain injury, but it is not the first sign of neurological deterioration.
Choice C, Decorticate posturing, is a sign of brain injury but typically occurs after alterations in consciousness.
Choice D, pupillary dilation, can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure, but it usually occurs after alterations in consciousness.