ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 V Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Photophobia is a common symptom of meningitis due to meningeal irritation affecting the eyes.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a client's ABG results and notes pH 7.3 (7.35 to 7.45), PaO2 81 mm Hg (80 to 100 mm Hg), PaCO2 50 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg), and HCO3 26 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L). Which of the following acid-base imbalances is the client experiencing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low pH (7.3) and high PaCO2 (50 mm Hg) indicate respiratory acidosis, likely due to CO2 retention.
Extract:
History and Physical
1000:
Client reports after eating breakfast this morning at 0630 that they began feeling tightness in chest that radiates to left arm. History:
Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Non-smoker. Denies use of alcohol or recreational drug use.
Nurses' Notes
1000:
Client reports tightness in chest that radiates to left arm. States pain as 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Started to feel nauseous after breakfast. Client states, "I had scrambled eggs and bacon like I do every morning." Client is diaphoretic and short of breath. Heart rate irregular and tachycardic. Alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Lungs clear to auscultation in all lobes. Bowel sounds are present in all 4 quadrants. +1 pedal pulses. Skin is cool to touch. Capillary refill less than 2 seconds.
Vital Signs
1000:
• Temperature 37.1° C (98.8° F)
• Heart rate 110/min and irregular
• Respiratory rate 24/min
• Blood pressure 164/80 mm Hg
• Oxygen saturation 93% on room air
Diagnostic Results
1000:
• Myoglobin 100 mcg/L (less than 90 mcg/L)
• Creatine kinase 180 units/L (55 to 170 units/L)
• Troponin T 0.40 ng/mL (less than 0.1 ng/mL)
• Troponin 10.35 ng/mL (less than 0.03 ng/mL)
• Cholesterol 244 mg/dL (less than 200 mg/dL)
• Triglycerides 180 mg/dL (40 to 160 mg/dL)
• LDL cholesterol 148 mg/dL (less than 130 mg/dL)
• HDL cholesterol 42 mg/dL (greater than 45 mg/dL)
• C-reactive protein 2 mg/mL (less than 1.0 mg/mL)
• Blood glucose 103 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)
12-lead electrocardiogram: tachycardia with ST segment elevation and T wave changes
Chest x-ray: lungs are clear in all lobes
Provider prescriptions
1020:
• Nitroglycerin 0.5 mg SL may repeat every 5 min up to 3 doses as needed for chest pain
• Aspirin 160 mg PO daily
• Morphine 6 mg IV bolus every 3 hr PRN pain
• Metoprolol 25 mg PO every 6 hr x 48 hr, then metoprolol 100 mg PO twice daily
• Initiate peripheral IV site
• 0.9% sodium chloride 50 mL/hr by continuous IV infusion
• Oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula if oxygen saturation is less than 90%
• Schedule stat echocardiogram
• 2 g sodium diet
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who reports tightness in their chest that radiates to left arm. The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Select the four findings that require immediate follow-up.
Correct Answer: C,D,E,G
Rationale: Elevated blood pressure, pain, ECG changes, and troponin indicate myocardial infarction needing urgent intervention.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of an initial dose of captopril. Which of the following findings indicates an anaphylactic response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Laryngeal edema is a hallmark of anaphylaxis, indicating airway swelling that requires immediate intervention. Fever, hypertension, and arrhythmia are not typical anaphylactic responses.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low-flow oxygen (2 L/min) improves oxygenation in emphysema without suppressing respiratory drive.