ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who received epinephrine. Which of the following findings should the nurse report as an adverse effect of epinephrine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chest pain. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic medication that can cause vasoconstriction leading to increased cardiac workload, potentially resulting in chest pain. Bradycardia (
B) is unlikely as epinephrine typically increases heart rate. Hypoglycemia (
C) is a potential adverse effect but not specific to epinephrine. Respiratory depression (
D) is not a common side effect of epinephrine.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who reports a severe headache. The client's blood pressure is 280/160 mm Hg. The nurse should plan to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nitroprusside. This medication is a potent vasodilator that rapidly lowers blood pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for a client with severe hypertension presenting with a hypertensive emergency. Nitroprusside acts quickly to reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, helping to prevent organ damage.
A: Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for inflammatory conditions, not for immediate blood pressure control.
B: Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that can increase blood pressure, which is contraindicated in this scenario.
C: Dobutamine is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist that increases heart rate and contractility, which can worsen hypertension.
Overall, Nitroprusside is the most appropriate choice due to its rapid and effective blood pressure-lowering properties in a hypertensive emergency.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for theophylline, a sustained-release capsule. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - "I will need to have blood levels drawn."
Rationale:
1. Theophylline is a medication with a narrow therapeutic range, requiring monitoring of blood levels.
2. Regular blood tests help ensure the medication is at a safe and effective level in the body.
3. Monitoring blood levels helps prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic levels.
4. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they may lead to incorrect dosing or administration of the medication.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer erythromycin 2 g PO daily in equally divided doses every 6 hr. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 500 mg per dose.
To calculate this, first convert 2 g to mg (1 g = 1000 mg, so 2 g = 2000 mg).
Then, since the dose is to be given every 6 hours, divide the total daily dose (2000 mg) by the number of doses per day (4 doses) to get 500 mg per dose.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the correct calculation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an antibiotic via intermittent IV bolus to a client who is already receiving an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride at 100 mL/hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hang the secondary infusion higher than the primary IV infusion. This is to ensure that the antibiotic is infused first and at a faster rate than the maintenance fluid, preventing dilution of the antibiotic. Placing the secondary infusion higher allows gravity to push the antibiotic into the bloodstream before the maintenance fluid. Having another nurse verify the medication (choice
A) is a good practice but not directly related to the administration process. Disconnecting the primary IV infusion (choice
C) would interrupt the maintenance fluid, causing potential harm to the client. Flushing the IV site with sterile water (choice
D) is not necessary in this case and could introduce contaminants.