ATI RN
ATI SP 250 Exam 3 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Diagnostic Results
January:
• Laboratory: CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm³ (Normal range: 600-1500 cells/mm³)
June:
• Laboratory: CD4 cell count 90 cells/mm³ (Normal range: 600-1500 cells/mm³)
• Chest x-ray: Bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia
Question 1 of 5
A nurse in a community health clinic is caring for a client who has a history of HIV. For each of the following assessment findings for the client, identify if the finding is consistent with HIV stage I or HIV stage III (AIDS). Each finding may support more than one disease process.
| Options | HIV stage I | HIV stage III |
|---|---|---|
| CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm3 (600-1500 cells/mm3) | ||
| Weight changes | ||
| Chest x-ray showing bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia | ||
| Skin condition | ||
| Latest CD4 cell count |
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm³ is consistent with HIV stage II or III, as it indicates significant immunosuppression. Chest x-ray showing bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia is indicative of HIV stage III (AIDS), as opportunistic infections like pneumonia are common. Latest CD4 cell count (90 cells/mm³) is consistent with HIV stage III (AIDS), as it is below 200 cells/mm³, a threshold for AIDS diagnosis.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for methotrexate. The client tells the nurse she is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication that interferes with cell division and can cause birth defects or miscarriage if taken during pregnancy. The medication can also pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to stop taking methotrexate at least 3 months before trying to conceive and to use effective contraception while on the medication.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking aspirin for arthritis. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is because aspirin can cause salicylate toxicity, which can manifest as tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, headache, confusion, and hyperventilation. The nurse should monitor the client's serum salicylate level and advise the client to report any signs of toxicity to the provider.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of exposure to TB and symptoms of night sweats and hemoptysis. Which of the following tests should the nurse realize is the most reliable to confirm the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is because sputum culture can identify the presence and type of mycobacteria that cause TB, while other tests can only indicate exposure or infection. Sputum culture results may take several weeks, so treatment should be initiated based on clinical suspicion and other tests.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has emphysema about self-management strategies. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with emphysema often have an increased caloric demand due to the effort required to breathe. A diet high in calories and protein can help maintain energy levels and prevent muscle wasting.