ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 9 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse caring for a client with acute peritonitis reviews the physician's orders. The orders include an NPO diet, insertion of a nasogastric tube set to low intermittent suction, and IV fluids at 50 mL per hour. When asked why he will need the NG tube, what is the nurse's best reply?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The NG tube decompresses the stomach and removes secretions, alleviating distension and preventing complications in acute peritonitis.
Question 2 of 5
A client with red scaling papules on his elbows, knees, lower back, and scalp arrives to the clinic. Which of the following questions will the nurse include in her assessment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asking if the lesions hurt helps assess pain and discomfort associated with psoriasis, which is indicated by red scaling papules.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a client for the early signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome. Which findings indicate this occurrence?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sweating and pallor are early signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome, which is a condition where food moves too quickly from the stomach to the small intestine, causing rapid fluid shifts and hormonal changes. Sweating and pallor are caused by hypoglycemia, which occurs when the high concentration of food in the small intestine stimulates insulin secretion. Abdominal cramping and pain are late signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome, which occur about one to three hours after eating. Abdominal cramping and pain are caused by intestinal distension, spasms, and gas formation. Double vision and chest pain are not signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome, but may indicate other serious conditions, such as stroke or heart attack. Double vision and chest pain should be reported to the provider immediately. Bradycardia and indigestion are not signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome, but may be related to other gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. Bradycardia and indigestion should be evaluated by the provider for further diagnosis and treatment.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has suffered a stroke involving the left hemisphere. Which of the following alterations in function are consistent with this type of stroke?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemianopsia, the loss of vision in half of the visual field, is consistent with a left hemisphere stroke, which affects language, logic, and analysis, impacting reading, writing, and communication skills.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a complete spinal cord injury. Based on the nurse's understanding about the degree of this type of injury, what can the nurse expect will be the client's level of function?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reason: This is the correct choice because a complete spinal cord injury is a condition where there is no motor or sensory function below the level of injury. The client will have paralysis of all four limbs (quadriplegia) and loss of bladder, bowel, and sexual function. The client will also have impaired thermoregulation, breathing, and blood pressure. The client will need 24-hour a day care to assist with mobility, hygiene, elimination, nutrition, and prevention of complications. Reason: This is incorrect because a client who is able to assist with transfer and perform self-care has a partial spinal cord injury, not a complete one. A partial spinal cord injury is a condition where there is some motor or sensory function below the level of injury. The degree of impairment depends on the extent and location of the damage. Reason: This is incorrect because a client who is able to roll over independently has a lower spinal cord injury, not a complete one. A lower spinal cord injury is a condition where there is damage to the lumbar or sacral segments of the spinal cord. The client will have paralysis of the lower limbs (paraplegia) and some loss of bladder, bowel, and sexual function. The client will still have some control over the upper limbs and trunk. Reason: This is incorrect because a client who is able to drive an electric wheelchair has an upper spinal cord injury, not a complete one. An upper spinal cord injury is a condition where there is damage to the cervical or thoracic segments of the spinal cord. The client will have paralysis of all four limbs (quadriplegia) and loss of bladder, bowel, and sexual function. However, the client may still have some movement or sensation in the shoulders, arms, or hands.