ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical 2 Final 2024 Assessment Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A phlebotomist collecting blood from HIV-positive clients is at greatest risk due to potential exposure to blood through needlestick injuries or mucous membrane contact. Personal trainers, occupational therapists, and urine sample collectors have minimal risk, as HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or urine.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is formulating a teaching plan about herpes zoster for a group of older adults at a community center. The nurse should include which of the following information in the plan?
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale:
Choice A: Herpes zoster lesions are indeed contagious if they are draining. The virus can spread through direct contact with the fluid from the blisters. It is crucial to cover the lesions to prevent spreading the virus to others, especially to those who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine.
Choice B: The development of vesicles, which are small fluid-filled blisters, is a hallmark of herpes zoster. These vesicles typically appear in a band-like pattern on one side of the body and are often accompanied by pain, itching, or tingling before they are visible.
Choice C: Postherpetic neuralgia is a condition where the pain persists in the area of the herpes zoster rash even after the lesions have healed. This can last for weeks, months, or even years and is more common in older adults.
Choice D: Herpes zoster itself is not spread like chickenpox. It occurs when the varicella-zoster virus, which has been lying dormant in the nerve cells, reactivates. While it is possible for someone who has never had chickenpox to develop chickenpox after direct contact with a shingles rash, herpes zoster is not 'easily spread' to others in the same way that chickenpox is.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has diabetes insipidus (DI). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following neurological effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ataxia, which is a lack of muscle coordination affecting speech, eye movements, the ability to swallow, walking, picking up objects, and other voluntary movements, can be a neurological effect of DI if severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance affect the brain. Symptoms such as confusion and muscle cramps can also be associated with ataxia, making it a relevant neurological effect to monitor in a client with DI.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is 5 hours postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse notes that the client's indwelling urinary catheter has not drained in the past hour. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first action should be to check the tubing for kinks, as this is a common and easily correctable cause of obstruction in catheter drainage. Adjusting the irrigant rate or irrigating the catheter may be subsequent steps, and notifying the provider is appropriate only if initial troubleshooting fails.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is educating a client who was recently diagnosed with cancer and tells the nurse they are worried about infertility following radiation treatment. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radiation shielding techniques can protect reproductive organs from radiation exposure, reducing infertility risk. Chemotherapy also affects fertility, fertility medications are not a direct solution, and surgery does not address radiation-induced infertility.