ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A female middle adult client tells a nurse that she tested positive for a mutant BRCA1 gene. The nurse should recognize that the client is at an increased risk for which of the following situations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Developing breast cancer. The BRCA1 gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. The mutation affects the body's ability to repair damaged DNA, leading to a higher likelihood of developing breast cancer. This risk is significantly higher in women with the mutant BRCA1 gene compared to those without it.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the BRCA1 gene mutation is not specifically linked to an increased risk of ovarian, uterine, or cervical cancer.
Therefore, the client should be counseled and monitored closely for early detection and prevention of breast cancer.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching about adverse effects of anastrozole with a client who has advanced breast cancer and is postmenopausal. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse recommend the client report to the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Musculoskeletal pain. Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer treatment, can cause musculoskeletal pain as a common adverse effect. This is important to report because severe pain may indicate a more serious condition like osteoporosis or fractures. Headache, nausea, and fatigue are common side effects of anastrozole but usually not considered serious enough to report immediately. Summarily, while all options can occur with anastrozole, musculoskeletal pain warrants prompt reporting due to potential implications on bone health.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the EKG strip of a client who has prolonged vomiting. Which of the following abnormalities on the client's EKG should the nurse interpret as a sign of hypokalemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abnormally prominent U wave. In hypokalemia, low potassium levels can lead to U wave prominence on an EKG. The U wave becomes more visible and prominent due to delayed repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. This is a classic EKG finding in hypokalemia. Tachycardia (choice
B) is a non-specific finding and can be caused by various conditions. Flattened P wave (choice
C) is seen in hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. Prolonged PR interval (choice
D) is more indicative of first-degree heart block or other conduction abnormalities, not specifically hypokalemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse evaluates a client's PSA lab results. An increase in PSA indicates what condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prostatic cancer. PSA levels are commonly used as a marker for prostate cancer. Elevated PSA levels indicate an increased likelihood of prostate cancer. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (choice
A) is a non-cancerous condition that can also cause elevated PSA levels but is not indicative of cancer. Urinary tract infection (choice
C) and kidney stones (choice
D) do not directly affect PSA levels. The other choices (E, F, G) are not provided, but the key is to understand that an increase in PSA specifically points towards the possibility of prostatic cancer.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse teaches a client with breast cancer about chemotherapy side effects. What statement indicates understanding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it shows the client understands the importance of monitoring for potential side effects like unusual menstrual bleeding, which can be a serious complication of chemotherapy. This statement reflects proactive involvement in self-care and prompt communication with healthcare providers.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because stopping chemotherapy without medical guidance can be harmful, hair loss may not always be permanent, and follow-up tests are essential for monitoring treatment effectiveness and potential complications.