ATI RN
ATI NUR 180 Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client has a new prescription for naloxone (Narcan). Which of the following statements indicates the correct therapeutic use of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Naloxone (Narcan) is used as a reversal agent for opioid overdose by blocking the effects of opioids at receptor sites. It helps to rapidly reverse respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension caused by opioids.
Choice B is incorrect because naloxone does not treat abstinence syndrome but rather overdose.
Choice C is incorrect as naloxone is not used as a pain reliever but specifically for opioid overdose.
Choice D is incorrect because naloxone is not used to treat hypoglycemia but to counteract opioid effects.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following is a correct statement about cancer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A
Rationale: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. This growth disrupts normal body functions and can invade other tissues and organs.
Choice A accurately describes this process.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
B: This statement is incorrect as cancer involves the uncontrolled growth of cells, not the absence of growth.
C: This statement is incorrect as cancer involves abnormal cell growth and spread, not the absence of growth or spread.
D: This option is incorrect as not all of the statements are true. Cancer involves uncontrolled cell growth, not the absence of growth.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to educate a patient who has newly been prescribed sucralfate (Carafate) for the management of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). What is the mechanism of action for this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Creates a protective barrier that adheres to an ulcer, which can stick to the ulcer for up to 6 hours. Sucralfate works by forming a protective barrier over the ulcer site, providing a physical barrier that protects the ulcer from further damage, allowing it to heal. This mechanism of action is unique to sucralfate and differentiates it from other medications used in PUD.
Choice A is incorrect because sucralfate is not an endogenous prostaglandin.
Choice C is incorrect because sucralfate does not neutralize gastric acidity.
Choice D is incorrect because sucralfate does not antagonize H2 receptors. The key to selecting the correct answer is understanding sucralfate's unique mechanism of action in forming a protective barrier over the ulcer site.
Question 4 of 5
The client has been prescribed aspirin by the healthcare provider. However, the client is not sure about the uses of aspirin. Which of the following is an indication of aspirin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduces fever and relieves mild to moderate pain. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAI
D) commonly used for its analgesic (pain-relief) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for inflammation, pain, and fever.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Aspirin does not lower blood pressure, treat bacterial infections, or cure viral infections. The primary indication of aspirin is its ability to reduce pain and fever, making option A the correct choice.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The client asks the nurse, 'What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?' Which of the following statements should the nurse include in her response to the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benign tumors do not spread into or invade nearby tissues. Benign tumors are non-cancerous growths that do not infiltrate surrounding tissues or organs. They tend to grow slowly and are typically not life-threatening. On the other hand, malignant tumors, or cancerous tumors, have the ability to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. This distinction is crucial in understanding the potential severity and treatment approach for different types of tumors.
Choice A is incorrect because malignant tumors do have the ability to invade nearby tissues.
Choice C is incorrect as benign tumors do not spread or invade nearby tissues.
Choice D is incorrect as there are significant differences between benign and malignant tumors.