ATI RN
ATI N103N103 Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client asks the nurse about a prescription for the antihistamine, diphenhydramine (Benadryl). The nurse should teach the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diphenhydramine is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, particularly closed-angle glaucoma, due to its anticholinergic properties that can increase intraocular pressure, potentially worsening the condition. Asthma is not a strict contraindication, though caution is advised due to possible exacerbation of symptoms from airway drying. Hypertension may require cautious use, but it’s not contraindicated. Depression is not a contraindication, though sedation effects may need monitoring.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had an arterial blood gas drawn. The pH on the ABG is 7.10. What acid-base imbalance does this client have?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pH of 7.10 (below 7.35) indicates acidosis. Hyperkalosis (
A) and hyponatremia (
B) are electrolyte imbalances and alkalosis (
D) requires a high pH.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a child who is prescribed diphenhydramine 25 mg elixir every 4 hours as needed. The amount available is diphenhydramine elixir 125 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
To calculate: (25 mg × 5 mL) ÷ 125 mg = 1 mL per dose. This ensures the correct dosage is administered based on the available concentration.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is 2 days postoperative and is auscultating their bilateral breath sounds. The nurse notes absent breath sounds in the bases. The nurse should suspect which postoperative complication is occurring in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absent breath sounds in the lung bases post-surgery suggest atelectasis, where alveoli collapse due to shallow breathing or immobility. Pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombus, or pneumonia typically present with other signs like crackles or systemic symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is demonstrating to a client how to perform diaphragmatic breathing. The nurse should educate the client to complete which action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tightening abdominal muscles during exhalation pushes the diaphragm up, enhancing air expulsion in diaphragmatic breathing. Shoulder raising leads to shallow breathing, mouth inhalation is less effective, and nose exhalation is not standard.