ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Nursing 300 Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A 45-year-old patient presents to the trauma unit after a gunshot wound (GSW) to the abdomen. The patient has a temperature of 92 degrees Fahrenheit, is restless and confused, and has large amount of blood noted from the nasogastric (NG) tube as well as from the indwelling urinary catheter. Which additional assessment finding likely causes death within the first 24 hours following this injury?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pH of 7.21 indicates severe acidosis, likely from hypoperfusion and shock due to massive blood loss, a leading cause of death in abdominal trauma. Tachycardia is compensatory, hyperkalemia is concerning but less immediate, and platelets are normal.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The client's urine in the catheter bag is bright red with clots. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bright red urine with clots indicates possible bleeding or clot obstruction. Irrigating the catheter clears clots, maintaining patency and preventing complications.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an acute head injury. Which assessment finding would first alert the nurse that the patient is developing an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Altered level of consciousness is the earliest sign of increased ICP, reflecting brain compression. Sluggish pupils and widening pulse pressure are later signs, and tachycardia with hypotension is not typical.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse knows which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending myocardial infarction (MI)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Unstable angina, with unpredictable or worsening chest pain, often precedes MI due to partial coronary occlusion.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client about seeking medical attention for suspected melanoma skin cancer lesions. The client would demonstrate to the nurse an understanding of teaching by stating I will seek medical attention if the mole has:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Irregular borders are a warning sign of melanoma (ABCDE criteria). Single color, small diameter, and symmetry are typically benign.