ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones. What advice should be given?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Drink 3 L of fluid every day. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent the formation of kidney stones by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of minerals like calcium oxalate. Adequate hydration promotes frequent urination, which helps flush out these minerals. Limiting fluid intake (choice
A) can lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of stone formation. Increasing calcium intake (choice
C) can actually help prevent calcium oxalate stones, as calcium binds with oxalate in the intestines, reducing its absorption. Avoiding all citrus juices (choice
D) is unnecessary, as they do not directly contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client with menopausal symptoms considering hormone therapy. What is a contraindication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of breast cancer. Hormone therapy can potentially stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. It is contraindicated in clients with a history of breast cancer due to the increased risk of cancer recurrence or progression. Other choices are incorrect because: A: History of osteoporosis is not a contraindication for hormone therapy, as it can actually help improve bone density. C: History of anemia is not a contraindication for hormone therapy. D: History of chronic migraines is not a contraindication, but it may need monitoring as hormone therapy can sometimes trigger migraines.
Question 3 of 5
A home health nurse assesses an older adult with vision loss due to glaucoma. What is a safety hazard?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Presence of scatter rugs in the kitchen. Scatter rugs pose a tripping hazard for individuals with vision loss, especially in areas like the kitchen where spills and slippery surfaces are common. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Bright overhead lighting can actually be beneficial for those with vision loss by improving visibility; C - Using contrasting colors can aid in distinguishing objects and pathways; D - Wearing slip-resistant shoes can help prevent falls.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing a client for radiation after a mastectomy. What adverse effect should be expected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fatigue. Radiation therapy often causes fatigue due to its impact on healthy cells surrounding the treatment area. This can result in decreased energy levels and overall tiredness. Alopecia (
A) is more commonly associated with chemotherapy. Diarrhea (
B) is a potential side effect of certain chemotherapy drugs or radiation to the abdominal area. Weight gain (
D) is not a typical adverse effect of radiation therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A client reports skin dryness, redness, and scaling after radiation. What should the nurse advise?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply hydrating lotions. After radiation, skin can become dry and irritated. Hydrating lotions help to moisturize the skin and reduce dryness, redness, and scaling. They provide a protective barrier and promote skin healing. Advising the client to apply hydrating lotions is essential in maintaining skin integrity post-radiation.
Choice B: Scrubbing the area vigorously can further damage the skin and exacerbate irritation.
Choice C: Covering the area with adhesive bandages can trap moisture and lead to skin maceration.
Choice D: Avoiding moisturizing the skin can worsen dryness and discomfort.