ATI RN
RN ATI Adult Medsurg Proctored Exam 2023 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the health histories of a group of clients. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that a client is at an increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes can lead to increased risk for UTIs due to elevated blood sugar levels creating a favorable environment for bacteria to grow in the urinary tract. High blood sugar weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight infections. Hypertension (
A) is a condition related to high blood pressure, not directly associated with UTIs. Asthma (
C) and hyperthyroidism (
D) are not directly linked to an increased risk for UTIs.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to discharge a client who is postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following equipment should the nurse ensure that the client has available at home prior to discharge?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Elevated toilet seat. The nurse should ensure the client has this equipment to facilitate safe and easy toileting post-hip arthroplasty. An elevated toilet seat helps prevent excessive bending at the hip joint, reducing strain and risk of injury. Option B, compression stockings, are used for venous circulation and are not specifically required for hip arthroplasty. Option C, a heating pad, may provide comfort but is not essential for postoperative care. Option D, a nebulizer, is used for respiratory conditions and is not relevant to hip arthroplasty.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a microvascular complication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Retinopathy. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, microvascular complications involve damage to small blood vessels. Retinopathy specifically affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems. Peripheral neuropathy (
A) is a macrovascular complication affecting nerves. Hypertension (
B) is a common comorbidity in diabetes but not a direct microvascular complication. Stroke (
D) is a macrovascular complication involving larger blood vessels in the brain.
Therefore, the presence of retinopathy is a clear indication of a microvascular complication in a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who had a lumbar laminectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Turn the client by log rolling with a turning sheet. This is the correct intervention because after a lumbar laminectomy, it is crucial to protect the surgical site and avoid bending or twisting the spine. Log rolling with a turning sheet helps maintain proper alignment and prevent injury to the surgical area.
Choice A is incorrect because encouraging the client to ambulate independently may put stress on the surgical area.
Choice C is incorrect as positioning the client in a high Fowler's position may also strain the spine.
Choice D is incorrect because applying a heating pad to the lower back can increase the risk of burns and should be avoided near a surgical site.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client how to obtain a specimen at home for a fecal occult blood test. Which of the following actions should the nurse instruct the client to take for 3 days prior to collecting the specimen?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid eating red meat. Red meat can cause false positives in fecal occult blood tests due to the presence of heme iron which can be mistaken for blood. Instructing the client to avoid red meat for 3 days prior to collecting the specimen helps to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
Summary:
B: Increasing fiber intake does not directly impact the accuracy of the fecal occult blood test.
C: Taking an iron supplement can interfere with the test results by increasing the amount of iron in the stool, leading to false positives.
D: Drinking grapefruit juice is not relevant to the accuracy of the fecal occult blood test.