ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing a client who has AIDS for discharge. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevent the spread of infection with good household cleaning practices. The nurse should include this statement in the discharge instructions because individuals with AIDS have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Good household cleaning practices can help prevent the spread of infections to the client and others.
Incorrect choices:
B: Limit handwashing to once a day to avoid skin damage - This is incorrect as frequent handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infections.
C: Avoid sharing towels with other people in the household - This is incorrect as sharing towels can lead to the transmission of infections.
D: Do not disinfect surfaces in the home with bleach - This is incorrect as disinfecting surfaces with bleach is important to kill harmful pathogens.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for four hospitalized clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The client with gastroenteritis and fever is at risk for fluid volume deficit due to increased fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Fever also increases fluid loss through perspiration. The other choices do not directly indicate increased fluid loss. A: Antibiotics for wound infection may not directly lead to fluid volume deficit. C: IV fluids would help maintain hydration status, so this client is not at risk for deficit. D: Hypokalemia may be related to electrolyte imbalance, but not necessarily fluid volume deficit.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with a tracheostomy. The client's partner has been taught to perform suctioning. Which of the following actions by the partner should indicate to the nurse a readiness for the client's discharge?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Performing the procedure independently indicates readiness for discharge as it shows the partner has mastered the skill and can provide proper care without supervision.
Choice B indicates the partner still needs assistance, choice C shows knowledge but not necessarily competency, and choice D suggests continued reliance on the nurse.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving cisplatin to treat bladder cancer. After several treatments, the client reports fatigue. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the results of the client's most recent CBC. Fatigue is a common side effect of cisplatin, which can cause bone marrow suppression leading to anemia. Checking the CBC will help determine if the client is experiencing anemia, which can be managed with appropriate interventions. Administering a blood transfusion (
B) should not be done without confirming the need through lab results. Offering a stimulant medication (
C) may mask the underlying cause of fatigue. Advising the client to reduce physical activity (
D) may not address the root cause of the fatigue.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has septic shock about the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because DIC is characterized by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen. In septic shock, the body's response triggers widespread activation of the coagulation system, leading to the consumption of clotting factors like fibrinogen. This results in the formation of microclots throughout the body, leading to organ dysfunction.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as DIC is not caused by increased fibrinogen levels, a reduction in platelet production, or a decrease in clotting factors. It is essential for the nurse to emphasize the role of abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen in DIC to help the client understand the pathology and potential complications associated with septic shock.