ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions Correct Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a lump in their right breast. Which of the following findings increases the client's risk of developing breast cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Oral contraceptives have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer due to the hormonal changes they induce in the body. Estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives can promote the growth of breast cells, potentially leading to cancer. Daily caffeine consumption (
A) and a history of seasonal allergies (
B) are not directly linked to breast cancer development. Routine use of multivitamins (
D) is generally considered beneficial for overall health and does not increase breast cancer risk.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Airborne precautions. Tuberculosis is spread through airborne transmission, so implementing airborne precautions is essential to prevent the spread of the disease. This includes wearing an N95 mask, placing the client in a negative pressure room, and ensuring proper ventilation. Standard precautions (choice
A) are used for all clients, not specifically for tuberculosis. Contact precautions (choice
C) are used for diseases spread by direct contact, while droplet precautions (choice
D) are used for diseases spread through respiratory droplets, not airborne transmission like tuberculosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: C, E
Rationale: The correct choices are C (Aspirin) and E (Naproxen) because they both increase the risk of bleeding when used with warfarin, an anticoagulant. Aspirin and Naproxen are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can further inhibit platelet function and prolong bleeding time, leading to potential complications. Ferrous sulfate (
A) is an iron supplement and does not directly interact with warfarin. Echinacea (
B) is an herbal supplement with minimal known interactions with warfarin. Dextromethorphan (
D) is a cough suppressant and does not impact warfarin's anticoagulant effects. In summary, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid Aspirin and Naproxen to prevent potential bleeding complications when taking warfarin.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is analyzing the ABG results of a client who is in respiratory acidosis. Which of the following mechanisms should the nurse identify as responsible for this acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Retention of carbon dioxide. In respiratory acidosis, there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. This imbalance occurs when the lungs are unable to eliminate enough CO2 through respiration, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. This excess CO2 combines with water in the blood to form carbonic acid, leading to acidosis.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the accumulation of CO2 in respiratory acidosis. Loss of bicarbonate (
B) would lead to metabolic acidosis, excessive vomiting (
C) would cause metabolic alkalosis, and hyperventilation (
D) would actually help in decreasing CO2 levels, which is not the case in respiratory acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer propranolol to several clients. For which of the following clients should the nurse clarify the prescription with the provider before administration?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A client who has a history of asthma. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can potentially cause bronchoconstriction in clients with asthma due to its beta-2 antagonistic effects. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider for this client to avoid exacerbating respiratory issues.
Choices B, C, and D are not contraindications for propranolol administration, as hypertension, migraines, and stable angina are conditions that can be treated with beta-blockers. It is important for the nurse to assess each client's medical history and consider potential contraindications before administering medications to ensure client safety and optimal outcomes.