ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Proctored Exam 2024-2025 Online Practice 250 Simulated Exam Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urinary tract infection. The dark amber color, cloudy appearance, and unpleasant odor of the urine indicate a possible infection. Dark amber color suggests concentrated urine due to dehydration, common in UTIs. Cloudiness indicates presence of bacteria or pus, typical in UTIs. Unpleasant odor is often caused by bacteria breaking down urine.
Choices B, C, and D are unlikely to cause these specific findings. Urinary incontinence refers to involuntary leakage of urine and does not directly affect urine appearance. Urinary frequency means urinating more often but doesn't typically change urine color or odor. Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely, which may lead to overflow incontinence, but doesn't directly cause dark amber, cloudy, and foul-smelling urine.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports occasional constipation. The nurse should inform the client that straining while defecating can cause which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dysrhythmias. Straining while defecating can increase intra-abdominal pressure, leading to a vagal response that triggers dysrhythmias in susceptible individuals. This can be particularly dangerous for older adults with underlying heart conditions. Dilated pupils (choice
A) are not directly related to straining during defecation. Diarrhea (choice
C) is the opposite of constipation and is not a common consequence of straining. Gastric ulcers (choice
D) are typically caused by factors such as H. pylori infection or NSAID use, not straining during defecation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative. When helping to manage the client's pain, which of the following principles should the nurse apply? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The correct principles to apply in managing a postoperative client's pain are B, D, and E. B is correct because pain is subjective and varies among individuals, so considering the client's individual expression of pain is crucial. D is correct because using a pain scale helps to monitor and assess the severity of the client's pain objectively. E is correct because clients may express pain in different ways, both verbally and nonverbally. These principles help tailor pain management strategies to the client's needs.
Choices A and C are incorrect because opioids are necessary for acute pain management postoperatively and administering analgesics PO may not always provide fast-acting relief.
Choice F and G are not provided.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metabolic alkalosis. The client's symptoms of vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, numbness and tingling, along with slow and shallow respirations, indicate a loss of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) due to prolonged vomiting, leading to metabolic alkalosis. Vomiting causes a loss of stomach acid (HCl), leading to an increase in blood pH. Respiratory acidosis (
C) results from inadequate ventilation, causing CO₂ retention and increased carbonic acid in the blood. Respiratory alkalosis (
D) is characterized by hyperventilation and decreased CO₂ levels. Metabolic acidosis (
A) involves a decrease in blood pH due to an excess of metabolic acids or a loss of bicarbonate ions.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gases include a pH of 7.30, an HCO3- of 18 mEq/L and a PaCO2 of 28 mm Hg. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidosis) and the HCO3- is also low, indicating a primary metabolic acidosis. The low PaCO2 (respiratory alkalosis compensation) further supports metabolic acidosis. Other choices are incorrect because B: Respiratory acidosis would have a high PaCO2, C: Metabolic alkalosis would have a high HCO3-, and D: Respiratory alkalosis would have a low PaCO2 with a high pH.