ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm3. In HIV care, monitoring the CD4-T-cell count is crucial as it reflects the immune system's ability to fight infections. A low CD4 count indicates a weakened immune system, increasing the client's susceptibility to opportunistic infections. This value guides treatment decisions, such as initiating antiretroviral therapy. The other options, while important, do not directly reflect the client's immune status in the context of HIV. Hemoglobin and platelet counts are relevant for assessing anemia and clotting function, respectively. White blood cell count is a general indicator of infection or inflammation. Prioritizing CD4-T-cell count ensures appropriate management of HIV and prevention of complications.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is instructing a client how to decrease the nausea associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A: "I will eat food that is served at room temperature."
Rationale: Eating foods at room temperature can help decrease nausea because hot foods may worsen nausea, while cold foods could cause stomach discomfort. Room temperature foods are generally easier on the stomach and may be better tolerated during chemotherapy and radiation. This choice demonstrates an understanding of how food temperature can impact nausea.
Summary of other choices:
B: Eating very hot food can actually worsen nausea.
C: Drinking large amounts of fluids with meals can dilute stomach acid and enzymes, potentially worsening nausea.
D: Eating a large meal right before chemotherapy can lead to increased nausea and discomfort.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client following a right cataract extraction. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid lifting anything heavier than 4.5 kg (10 lb) for 1 week. This instruction is crucial after a cataract extraction to prevent any strain on the eye during the initial healing period. Lifting heavy objects can increase intraocular pressure and potentially lead to complications.
Choice B (Take a warm shower every day) is not directly related to post-operative care for a cataract extraction.
Choice C (Resume regular activities immediately) is incorrect as the client should avoid strenuous activities, including heavy lifting, to allow proper healing.
Choice D (Avoid all physical activity for the next month) is overly restrictive and unnecessary. It's important to provide specific, clear, and relevant instructions to support the client's recovery.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching about adverse effects of anastrozole with a client who has advanced breast cancer and is postmenopausal. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse recommend the client report to the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Musculoskeletal pain. Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer treatment, can cause musculoskeletal pain as a common adverse effect. This is important to report because severe pain may indicate a more serious condition like osteoporosis or fractures. Headache, nausea, and fatigue are common side effects of anastrozole but usually not considered serious enough to report immediately. Summarily, while all options can occur with anastrozole, musculoskeletal pain warrants prompt reporting due to potential implications on bone health.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings for a client who developed fat embolism syndrome (FES) following a fracture. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased serum calcium level. In fat embolism syndrome (FES), fat globules enter the bloodstream, leading to blockages in small blood vessels. This can cause a decrease in serum calcium due to the formation of fat emboli in the pulmonary circulation, leading to hypoxia and subsequent release of inflammatory mediators that can affect calcium levels. The other choices are incorrect because in FES, there is no direct effect on serum calcium levels. Increased serum calcium levels (choice
A) are not expected in FES. While increased white blood cell count (choice
C) and decreased platelet count (choice
D) can occur in response to inflammation or infection associated with FES, they are not specific laboratory findings for FES.