ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of essential hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings that is consistent with this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vertigo. Essential hypertension can cause vertigo due to increased pressure in the blood vessels supplying the inner ear. Vertigo is a common symptom of hypertension. Fatigue (
B) is a non-specific symptom seen in many conditions. Excessive thirst (
C) and frequent urination (
D) are more indicative of diabetes mellitus rather than essential hypertension.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in an urgent care center is caring for a client who is having an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following actions is the nurse's highest priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering a nebulized beta-adrenergic. This is the highest priority because it helps to rapidly dilate the bronchioles, improving airflow and oxygenation in the client. This immediate action is crucial in managing an acute asthma exacerbation and can prevent respiratory distress. Providing supplemental oxygen (
B) is important but not the highest priority. Administering an intravenous corticosteroid (
C) is beneficial for reducing inflammation but takes longer to take effect compared to a beta-adrenergic. Encouraging the client to use their inhaler (
D) is helpful, but in an acute exacerbation, a nebulized beta-adrenergic is more effective for immediate relief.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a history of asthma. The nurse reviews the provider's orders and recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carvedilol. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker, which can exacerbate asthma symptoms in clients with a history of asthma due to its potential bronchoconstrictive effects. Furosemide (
A), Spironolactone (
C), and Lisinopril (
D) are commonly used in heart failure management and do not pose a significant risk for clients with asthma. It is crucial to avoid medications that can worsen respiratory function in clients with a history of asthma to prevent complications.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who the provider suspects might have pernicious anemia. The nurse should expect the provider to prescribe which of the following diagnostic tests?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Schilling test. Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, often due to poor absorption. The Schilling test is specifically used to diagnose pernicious anemia by evaluating the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12. The test involves giving the patient a small amount of radioactive vitamin B12 to determine how well it is absorbed and utilized by the body. This test helps to differentiate pernicious anemia from other causes of B12 deficiency.
Choice B (Complete blood count) is a general test that may show abnormalities in red blood cells seen in anemia, but it does not specifically diagnose pernicious anemia.
Choice C (Vitamin B12 level) alone may not differentiate between pernicious anemia and other causes of B12 deficiency.
Choice D (Bone marrow biopsy) is not typically necessary for diagnosing pernicious anemia and is more invasive compared to the Schilling test.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adrenocortical insufficiency. Gradually reducing prednisone dose is important as prednisone suppresses the body's natural production of cortisol. Abrupt discontinuation can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to the sudden decrease in cortisol levels. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and hypotension. Osteoporosis (
A) is a long-term side effect of prednisone but not a concern with dose reduction. Hypoglycemia (
B) and Hyperkalemia (
C) are not typically associated with prednisone withdrawal.