ATI RN
RN ATI Adult Medsurg Proctored Exam 2023 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypocalcemia. In which of the following areas should the nurse tap on the clients face to detect the presence of Chvosteks sign?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cheek just in front of the ear. Chvostek's sign is a facial spasm elicited by tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear. This sign is indicative of hypocalcemia, as low calcium levels can lead to increased nerve excitability. Tapping on the cheek in this specific area allows the nurse to assess for this sign.
Choices B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect as they do not target the specific facial nerve area where Chvostek's sign can be elicited. It's important for the nurse to be precise in assessing for this sign to accurately diagnose and manage the client's hypocalcemia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low urine specific gravity. Excessive diuretic use can lead to volume depletion and low sodium levels. Low sodium levels cause the kidneys to excrete more water, resulting in dilute urine with low specific gravity. High urine specific gravity would indicate concentrated urine, which is not expected in this situation. Elevated potassium levels (choice
C) are not typically associated with overuse of diuretics, as diuretics can actually lead to potassium loss. Similarly, decreased potassium levels (choice
D) are commonly seen with diuretic use due to increased excretion of potassium by the kidneys.
Question 3 of 5
A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member who has Alzheimers disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Review the daily schedule with the client every morning. This instruction is important for individuals with Alzheimer's disease as it helps provide structure and routine, which can help reduce confusion and anxiety. By reviewing the daily schedule, the client can be prepared for the day's activities, promoting a sense of familiarity and independence.
Option B is incorrect because limiting fluid intake can lead to dehydration and other health issues. Option C is incorrect as individuals with Alzheimer's disease may struggle with complex tasks and may become frustrated. Option D is incorrect because social interactions are important for mental stimulation and emotional well-being, restricting them can lead to increased confusion and isolation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of this syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B - Refractory hypoxemia.
Rationale: ARDS is characterized by severe hypoxemia that persists despite high levels of oxygen therapy, known as refractory hypoxemia. This occurs due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch and impaired gas exchange in the alveoli. The other choices are not typical manifestations of ARDS:
A: Bronchoconstriction is more commonly seen in asthma or COPD.
C: Pulmonary hypertension may develop as a complication of ARDS but is not a direct manifestation.
D: Pleural effusion may occur in ARDS but is not a defining characteristic.
Question 5 of 5
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing status asthmaticus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use of accessory muscles. In status asthmaticus, a severe and life-threatening asthma exacerbation, the client's airways are severely constricted, leading to inadequate air exchange. The use of accessory muscles (such as intercostal and supraclavicular muscles) indicates significant respiratory distress as the body tries to compensate for the difficulty in breathing. Mild wheezing (choice
A) may be present in asthma but does not necessarily indicate status asthmaticus. Decreased respiratory rate (choice
C) is not consistent with the increased respiratory effort seen in status asthmaticus. Productive cough (choice
D) is more indicative of conditions such as bronchitis or pneumonia, not necessarily status asthmaticus.