ATI RN
Community Health Verified Questions and Answers Test Bank Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is administering a tuberculosis skin test to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following results should the nurse anticipate when using this screening test?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased sensitivity. In clients with AIDS, the immune system is compromised, leading to a decreased ability to mount a response to antigens, such as the one in the tuberculosis skin test. This results in a higher likelihood of false-negative results, as the client may have tuberculosis but not have a strong enough immune response to produce a positive result.
Therefore, the nurse should anticipate a decreased sensitivity in this population.
A: Decreased positive predictive value is not directly impacted by the client's immune status but rather by the prevalence of the disease in the population.
B: Decreased reliability is a vague term and not specific to the immune status of the client.
D: Decreased specificity is not typically affected by the client's immune status but rather by the test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease.
Question 2 of 5
Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the disease home to their families. Which of the following characteristics would be most important to consider when selecting the screening test to be used?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The sensitivity of the test. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have the disease (true positives). In this scenario, selecting a screening test with high sensitivity is crucial to ensure that infected individuals are accurately identified and receive immediate treatment to prevent spreading the disease to their families.
A: The negative predictive value - This measures the probability that individuals with a negative test result truly do not have the disease and is not as important in this case where immediate treatment is vital.
B: The positive predictive value - This measures the probability that individuals with a positive test result truly have the disease and is not as critical as sensitivity in this context.
D: The specificity of the test - This measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives) and is not the most important consideration when the goal is to identify infected individuals for immediate treatment.
Question 3 of 5
A woman is sitting in a corner of the clinical waiting room, crying audibly. The nurse asks, "What's wrong? Can I help?" The woman responds, "They just told me I have a positive mammogram and I need to see my doctor for follow-up tests. I know I'm going to die of cancer. How can I tell my family?" Which of the following information does the nurse need to know in order to help the woman cope with this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value of mammography. The nurse needs this information to help the woman cope because it indicates the probability that a negative mammogram truly indicates the absence of breast cancer. Knowing this value can provide reassurance to the woman that a positive mammogram doesn't definitively mean she has cancer. The other choices are incorrect because: B (Positive predictive value) focuses on the likelihood of cancer if the test is positive, which may increase the woman's anxiety. C (Reliability) refers to the consistency of results, but it doesn't directly address the woman's concerns about her health. D (Validity) assesses how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure, but it doesn't offer immediate reassurance to the woman in this emotional moment.
Question 4 of 5
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city. This source of information would be most helpful because it provides specific and relevant data regarding the health trends of the local population. By utilizing local data, the administration can tailor their long-range plans to address the unique health issues faced by the community they serve.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: The National Health Interview Survey provides national-level data, which may not accurately reflect the health trends specific to the local medical center.
C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey focuses on hospital-specific data and may not capture the full scope of health problems in the community.
D: State's vital statistics offer general information but may lack the specificity needed for targeted planning at the local medical center.
Question 5 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, a cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because cultural and ethnic factors can impact health outcomes due to differences in lifestyle, diet, access to healthcare, genetic predispositions, and social determinants of health. This can lead to higher rates of certain diseases within specific cultural or ethnic groups living in the same neighborhood.
Choice B, the geographical location of the neighborhood within the city, is less likely to be the primary reason for the disparity in disease cases as the question states that all other factors are the same.
Choice C, a statistical fluke without meaning, is unlikely as statistical significance indicates a real pattern rather than random chance.
Choice D, the time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city, is also less plausible as the question specifies that all else is the same, implying that the time of data collection is consistent across the city.