ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical 2 Final 2024 Assessment Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis (pH 7.25, low HCO3- 19 mEq/L) is expected in CKD due to acid accumulation. Other options indicate alkalosis or respiratory issues not typical for CKD.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing breast self-examination teaching to a client who is menopausal. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the teaching was effective? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale:
Choice A: This statement is correct because the underarm area (axilla) contains lymph nodes that can be affected by breast cancer. Including the underarm area in a breast self-exam helps in detecting any unusual lumps or changes that could indicate a problem.
Choice B: This statement is correct because using firm pressure during a breast self-exam helps to feel the deeper tissues of the breast, which is essential for detecting any abnormalities or lumps that might be present.
Choice C: This statement is correct because performing a breast self-exam in the shower is a common and effective method. The wet and slippery skin makes it easier to feel for any changes or lumps in the breast tissue.
Choice D: This statement is incorrect because it is normal to feel a firm ridge in the lower curve of the breast. This ridge is part of the normal breast anatomy and does not necessarily indicate a problem.
Choice E: This statement is correct because menopausal women do not have menstrual cycles to guide the timing of their breast self-exams.
Therefore, they can choose any consistent day each month to perform the exam.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who reports shoulder pain. Which of the following findings by the nurse indicates a rotator cuff injury?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The inability to abduct the arm at the shoulder is a classic sign of a rotator cuff injury. The rotator cuff is responsible for stabilizing the shoulder joint and aiding in various movements, including abduction. When there is a tear or significant weakness in the rotator cuff muscles, especially the supraspinatus muscle, the patient may be unable to lift the arm away from the body or may experience pain while doing so. A negative drop arm test would actually indicate that there is no rotator cuff injury. The drop arm test is performed by asking the patient to fully abduct the arm to 90 degrees and then slowly lower it. If the patient can control the motion and lower the arm smoothly, the test is negative. A positive drop arm test, where the patient cannot control the descent of the arm, would suggest a rotator cuff tear. While an alteration in the contour of the joint may indicate some form of shoulder pathology, it is not specific to a rotator cuff injury. Changes in the contour could be due to various conditions, including dislocation, arthritis, or other musculoskeletal disorders. A positive Tinel's sign is used to diagnose nerve compression or nerve damage, not rotator cuff injuries. It is performed by tapping over the course of a nerve to elicit a tingling sensation or pain in the distribution of the nerve. This sign is commonly associated with conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm³ indicates significant immune suppression, guiding treatment and prophylaxis needs.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is assessing a client who has AIDS and a significantly decreased CD4+ T-cell count. The nurse should recognize that the client is at risk for developing which of the following infectious oral conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+ T-cell counts, causing oral thrush.