ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about populations at higher risk for multiple sclerosis. Which of the following demographics should be included in the teaching? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: White Americans have the highest MS prevalence, particularly those of northern European descent. African Americans have lower prevalence but more severe progression. Hispanic/Latino clients have moderate prevalence. East Asians and Navajo Indians have lower rates.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has tension pneumothorax. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect following tracheal deviation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax causes decreased cardiac output due to compression of the heart and great vessels, reducing venous return and impairing cardiac function. Respiratory alkalosis may occur initially but is not directly tied to tracheal deviation, venous return decreases, and ventricular dilatation is not typical.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for six clients. Which of the following clients are at risk for developing peripheral neuropathy (PN)? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,D,F
Rationale: Diabetes (DK
A), SLE, and chronic alcohol use (cirrhosis) are directly associated with peripheral neuropathy due to nerve damage from prolonged hyperglycemia, autoimmune processes, or alcohol toxicity. Sleep apnea, hypertension, and untreated TB are not primary causes, though related conditions or treatments may pose risks.
Question 4 of 5
Which symptom indicates a client may be experiencing hypoglycemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia commonly causes tremors, sweating, and anxiety due to low blood glucose levels.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for developing osmotic cerebral edema?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rapidly lowering plasma glucose levels creates an osmotic gradient between the brain and plasma, causing brain cells to pull water and result in cerebral edema. Hypokalemia, increased hemoglobin A1C, and elevated creatinine do not directly cause osmotic cerebral edema.