ATI RN
ATI Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has an impaired immune system due to chemotherapy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Washing the perineal area twice daily with antimicrobial soap helps prevent infections in immunocompromised clients. Washing a toothbrush in a dishwasher, changing a pet's litter box, or changing drinking water every 4 hours are not effective or necessary.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal failure. The client displays the following ABG results: pH 7.24, PaCO2 44 mm Hg, PaO2 84 mm Hg, HCO3 18 mEq/L, base excess -2, and O2 saturation 95%. The nurse should conclude that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low pH (7.24) and low HCO3 (18 mEq/L) with normal PaCO2 indicate metabolic acidosis, common in renal failure due to impaired acid excretion.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cotton socks are breathable, reducing infection risk. Heating pads, loose slippers, and hot water with antibacterial soap increase risks of burns or injury.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is administering potassium chloride via IV infusion to a client who has severe hypokalemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring urine output ensures kidney function and potassium excretion. Checking the site every 4 hours is too infrequent, 30 mEq/hr is too high, and Chvostek's sign assesses hypocalcemia.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent hip dislocation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing pillows between the legs maintains hip alignment, preventing dislocation. Leaning forward, removing the wedge, or elevating knees increase dislocation risk.