Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Veracity. Veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty. By not completing an incident report, the nurse failed to be truthful about the error that occurred. Even though the client did not experience harm, it is important to report any errors for transparency and accountability. This helps to identify system weaknesses and prevent future errors. Autonomy (
B) relates to respecting the client's right to make decisions. Beneficence (
C) involves acting in the client's best interest. Confidentiality (
D) pertains to protecting the client's privacy. In this scenario, the key issue is the nurse's truthfulness about the error, making veracity the principle violated.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because requiring health care workers to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray is an example of secondary prevention. This is because it aims to detect tuberculosis in its early stages before symptoms appear, helping to prevent the spread of the disease to others. A: Encouraging clients with HIV to use condoms is a form of primary prevention to reduce the risk of contracting HIV. C: Health care workers receiving annual vaccinations for influenza is a form of primary prevention to reduce the risk of getting the flu. D: Giving medications to clients with HIV to improve immunological response is a form of tertiary prevention aimed at managing the disease and its complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Salmonella is not spread by spores forming in contaminated blood when exposed to the air. Salmonella is a bacterial infection, not a fungal infection that produces spores. The bacteria are typically spread through contaminated food or water. Options A and B correctly highlight that Salmonella is a bacterial infection with specific symptoms. Option D is incorrect as the incubation period for Salmonella is typically 6 to 72 hours, not specifically 48 hours. Options E, F, and G are not provided, so they are not relevant to the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Environmental justice. This principle advocates for fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race or income, in environmental issues. Building a city dump near a poor and predominantly African-American community would be considered an environmental injustice due to the disproportionate burden of negative environmental impacts being placed on this specific group. This violates the principles of equity and fairness in environmental decision-making.


Choice A, risk communication, focuses on effectively communicating risks associated with environmental hazards, but it does not address the underlying issue of environmental justice.
Choice B, tertiary prevention, pertains to reducing the impact of an existing environmental problem, not preventing a new one.
Choice C, environmental epidemiology, involves studying the patterns and causes of diseases related to environmental factors, which is not directly applicable to the scenario described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidemic. This is because an epidemic refers to a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific population or region. In this case, the high number of people developing food poisoning symptoms after consuming the potato salad at the school picnic indicates an outbreak within that specific group. It is not considered endemic as endemic diseases are constantly present in a particular population or region at a steady rate. Pandemic refers to a disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents, which is not the case here. Polidemic is not a recognized term in epidemiology. In summary, the situation described in the question best fits the definition of an epidemic due to the sudden increase in cases within a specific group.