ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sublingual. Sublingual administration of nitroglycerin provides the most rapid onset because it allows for direct absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes under the tongue. This route bypasses the digestive system and liver metabolism, leading to a faster onset of action. Oral administration (choice
A) would involve absorption through the gastrointestinal tract, delaying the onset. Suspended-release (choice
C) and topical ointment (choice
D) routes also have slower absorption rates compared to sublingual administration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. The nurse discovers a loop of bowel protruding through an opening in the surgical incision. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Apply moistened sterile gauze to the site. This action is appropriate as it helps to prevent the exposed bowel from drying out and becoming damaged. Placing the head of the bed flat (option
A) is incorrect as it does not address the immediate issue of the protruding bowel. Gently reinserting the bowel (option
B) can cause further damage and should only be done by a surgeon. Positioning the client on the left side (option
C) is not the priority in this situation. Applying moistened sterile gauze (option
D) is the correct immediate action to protect the exposed bowel.
Question 3 of 5
A small-bore feeding tube is placed. Which technique will the nurse use to best verify tube placement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: X-ray. X-ray is the gold standard method to verify small-bore feeding tube placement as it provides a direct visualization of the tube's position in the gastrointestinal tract. This technique ensures accurate placement and reduces the risk of complications such as aspiration. Auscultation (
A) may not always be reliable, especially in critically ill patients. Aspiration of contents (
B) can lead to false reassurance if the tube is placed in the respiratory tract. pH testing (
C) is not definitive for tube placement confirmation. X-ray (
D) is the most reliable method to confirm tube placement accurately.
Question 4 of 5
A client suffering from depression presents to the healthcare setting for pharmacologic treatment. Which of the following medications would be considered the first line treatment for depression?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sertraline (Zoloft). Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used as a first-line treatment for depression due to its efficacy, safety, and tolerability. SSRI's are recommended as initial therapy for depression as they have fewer side effects compared to other antidepressants. Haloperidol, clozapine, and risperidone are antipsychotic medications typically used for psychotic disorders, not as first-line treatments for depression.
Therefore, they are not appropriate choices for the treatment of depression.
Question 5 of 5
A client with hypertension and benign prostate hyperplasia is prescribed doxazosin (Cardura). Which of the following statements would the nurse emphasize regarding doxazosin (Cardura)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Be sure to lie down after taking the first dose, because first-dose hypotension may make you dizzy. Doxazosin is an alpha-blocker used to treat hypertension and benign prostate hyperplasia. By lying down after the first dose, the client can minimize the risk of experiencing first-dose hypotension, which may cause dizziness due to a sudden drop in blood pressure. This precaution helps prevent falls and injuries. Option A is incorrect because weight loss is not a common side effect of doxazosin. Option C is incorrect as taste impairment is not commonly associated with this medication. Option D is incorrect because doxazosin does not impact potassium levels, so increasing potassium intake is unnecessary and potentially harmful.