ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is screening a client who will be taking a nonspecific/nonselective beta blocker. Which condition, if present, may cause serious problems if the client takes this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asthma. Nonselective beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma by blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to exacerbation of respiratory symptoms. This can potentially result in serious breathing difficulties and even respiratory failure.
Choices A, C, and D are not as concerning because hypertension, angina, and glaucoma are conditions that can actually benefit from treatment with beta blockers. Asthma is the only condition that poses a serious risk when taking nonselective beta blockers.
Question 2 of 5
A client is receiving heparin therapy as part of the treatment for a pulmonary embolism. The nurse monitors the results of which laboratory test to check the drug's effectiveness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This test measures the effectiveness of heparin therapy by monitoring the clotting time of the blood. Heparin works by inhibiting clotting factors, thus prolonging the aPTT. Bleeding times (
A) are not specific to heparin therapy. Vitamin K levels (
B) are related to warfarin therapy, not heparin. Prothrombin time/INR (
D) is also more specific to warfarin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
What is the nurse's priority action if extravasation of an antineoplastic drug occurs during intravenous (IV) administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop the infusion immediately, but leave the IV catheter in place. This is the priority action because stopping the infusion prevents further harm by minimizing the amount of the vesicant drug that enters the tissue. Leaving the IV catheter in place ensures that the antidote or treatment can be administered directly into the affected area. Changing the infusion to normal saline (choice
A) or reducing the infusion rate (choice
B) are not the priority actions and do not address the immediate need to stop the infusion. Discontinuing the IV and applying warm compresses (choice
D) may cause further damage by spreading the vesicant drug.
Question 4 of 5
After administering an intradermal (ID) injection for a skin test, the nurse notices a small bleb at the injection site. Which of these is the best action for the nurse to take at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Do nothing. When administering an ID injection for a skin test, a small bleb at the injection site is a normal expected response. The nurse should not intervene as the bleb will resolve on its own. Reporting to the physician (
B) is unnecessary as it is a common occurrence. Massaging the area (
C) can cause irritation and spread the medication. Applying heat (
D) can also exacerbate the reaction.
Therefore, the best course of action is to simply monitor and document the bleb without intervention.
Question 5 of 5
A client has excessive and painful gas. The nurse checks the client's medication orders and prepares to administer which drug for this problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Simethicone. Simethicone is an anti-gas medication that works by breaking down gas bubbles in the digestive tract, providing relief from excessive and painful gas. Famotidine (
A) is used to treat heartburn and stomach ulcers, not gas. Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (
C) are antacids used for heartburn and indigestion, not specifically for gas. Calcium carbonate (
D) is also an antacid used for heartburn and indigestion, not gas.
Therefore, based on the client's symptoms of excessive and painful gas, the most appropriate choice is simethicone.