ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is educating student nurses on the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which medications are primarily used for upper respiratory conditions?
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The correct answer is B, C, and D. Decongestants (
B) help reduce nasal congestion in upper respiratory conditions. Antitussives (
C) suppress coughing, often used for upper respiratory issues. Expectorants (
D) help loosen mucus in the upper respiratory tract. H4 Antagonists (
A) are primarily used for allergic conditions, not specific to upper respiratory issues. Albuterol (E) is a bronchodilator primarily used for lower respiratory conditions like asthma.
Therefore, choices A and E are incorrect for upper respiratory conditions.
Question 2 of 5
A diabetic client who is currently taking metformin is ordered a computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast. The nurse understands that the client's metformin should be discontinued how many hours before receiving intravenous (IV) contrast?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 43 hours. Metformin should be discontinued 48 hours before receiving IV contrast to prevent lactic acidosis. As metformin is excreted primarily through the kidneys, contrast dye can impair kidney function, leading to metformin accumulation and potential toxicity. Discontinuing metformin for 43 hours ensures enough time for the drug to be cleared from the system and minimizes the risk of adverse effects.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not provide an adequate timeframe for metformin cessation before contrast administration, which could result in serious complications for the diabetic client.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: If my erection lasts longer than 6 hours, I should contact my provider. This statement shows understanding because priapism (prolonged erection) is a serious side effect of sildenafil that requires immediate medical attention.
Choice A is incorrect as sildenafil does not cause delayed erections.
Choice B is incorrect as sildenafil should be taken about 30 minutes to 1 hour before sexual activity.
Choice D is incorrect as nitroglycerin should not be used with sildenafil due to the risk of severe hypotension.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is performing education to a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following contraindications for anticholinergic would the nurse include for donepezil (Aricept)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Glaucoma. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease. It can worsen symptoms of glaucoma due to its anticholinergic effects, leading to increased intraocular pressure. Intestinal obstruction (
A) is not a contraindication for donepezil. Dementia (
B) is the condition being treated, not a contraindication. Diarrhea (
D) is a common side effect but not a contraindication for donepezil.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on morphine and has a respiratory rate of 6/min. Which medication should the nurse plan to administer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Naloxone. Naloxone is a specific opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of morphine overdose by competitively binding to opioid receptors. This helps to restore respiratory function by reversing the respiratory depression caused by the morphine overdose. Protamine (
A) is used to reverse heparin, not morphine. Epinephrine (
B) is not indicated for respiratory depression caused by morphine overdose. Captopril (
C) is an ACE inhibitor used for hypertension, not for opioid overdose.