Correct Answer: A,C,D,E

Rationale: The correct answer is A, C, D, and E. A nurse should monitor the client for headache, constipation, prolonged QT interval, and diarrhea when administering ondansetron. Headache is a common adverse effect of ondansetron. Constipation can occur due to its effect on gut motility. Prolonged QT interval is a serious adverse effect that can lead to arrhythmias. Diarrhea is another potential gastrointestinal side effect. Hyperglycemia is not a common adverse effect associated with ondansetron, so choice B is incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released. The alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area, allowing for efficient exchange of gases. The bronchi, nasal passages, and larynx are all involved in the passage of air to and from the lungs but do not participate directly in gas exchange. The bronchi are airways that branch off from the trachea, the nasal passages warm and filter air, and the larynx houses the vocal cords.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: alveoli.

Correct Answer: A,B,C,D

Rationale: Decongestants should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism due to potential exacerbation of symptoms like palpitations. In patients with heart disease, decongestants can increase heart rate and blood pressure, worsening the condition. Individuals with hypertension may experience elevated blood pressure with decongestant use. Patients with diabetes need to monitor blood sugar levels closely as decongestants can affect glucose metabolism. Allergic rhinitis is not a contraindication for decongestant use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes. Pancreatic insufficiency results in inadequate production of enzymes needed for digestion. Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes helps the client digest food properly. Option B, stimulant laxatives, is incorrect as it is used to treat constipation, not pancreatic insufficiency. Option C, PPIs, are used to reduce stomach acid production and are not directly related to pancreatic insufficiency. Option D, decreasing food intake, is not appropriate as the client needs enzyme replacement to aid in digestion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The 18-month-old with watery stools for 3 days is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder due to potential dehydration and loss of electrolytes through diarrhea. Watery stools can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, especially in young children who have higher fluid requirements and are more susceptible to dehydration.

Choices B, C, and D do not present immediate risks for developing acid-base imbalances or electrolyte disorders. A client with a gastrostomy tube may have specialized nutritional needs, but it does not inherently indicate an increased risk of these imbalances. Constipation in a 70-year-old and a short history of nausea and vomiting in a 27-year-old are not typically associated with significant fluid or electrolyte disturbances.